THE EFFECT OF EXPLICIT STRATEGY-BASED INSTRUCTION ON MOROCCAN EFL UNIVERSITY LEARNERS’ USE OF METACOGNITIVE EVALUATING STRATEGIES (RECALLING AND SUMMARIZING) IN READING ENGLISH (L3) WRITTEN TEXTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejae.v9i2.5621کلمات کلیدی:
metacognition, metacognitive evaluating strategies, metacognitive strategy intervention, recalling, summarizingچکیده
This study, derived from one of the major sections of my unpublished doctoral dissertation tackling the correlation between explicit training in cognitive and metacognitive reading strategies (CMRSs) and EFL reading achievement in tertiary education (Defended in 2015), is an endeavor to reveal the perceived effect of metacognitive evaluating strategies (MESs) instruction on Moroccan English Department learners’ strategic reading behavior. Targeting 113 EFL university learners (experimental group: n=63; control group: n=50), the study explores the impact of explicit metacognitive intervention on the learners’ recourse to recalling and summarizing, as metacognitive reading strategies (MRSs) tapped for assessing their understanding of the EFL textual input. To collect the relevant data, explicit reading strategy instruction (ERSI), reading comprehension texts (i.e., narrative, expository), narrative and expository reading tests, and a retrospective questionnaire (RQ) were relied upon. The results evince that, whilst the experimental group (n=63) advanced at the level of both metacognitive evaluating strategies use and text summary-related scores, its counterpart (control group) in the control condition did not reveal any marked increase in the application of the targeted metacognitive evaluating strategies (MESs) and the scores pertinent to text-based summary performance across the pre-post-test stages. Accordingly, a corpus of relevant recommendations and implications are discussed, and a few limitations are set forth.مراجع
Amini, M., Zahabi, A., Amini, D., & Hosseini, S. S. A. (2020). A review of reading strategies and models in learning and teaching of English as a foreign language. AJELP: Asian Journal of English Language and Pedagogy, 8(2), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.37134/ajelp.vol8.2.2.2020
Baker, L., & Brown, A. L. (1984). Cognitive monitoring in reading. In J. Flood (Ed.), Understanding reading comprehension (pp. 21-44). Newark, DE: International Reading Association. https://doi.org/10.1177/003368828401500213
Barnett, J. E., & Seefeldt, R. W. (1989). Read something once, why read it again?: Repetitive reading and recall. Journal of Reading Behavior, 21(4), 351–360. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1990-18374-001
Bean, T. W., & Steenwyk, F. (1984). The effect of three forms of summarization on sixth graders’ summary writing and comprehension. Journal of Reading Behavior, 16, 297-307. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10862968409547523
Boulaware-Gooden, R., Carreker, S., Thornhill, A., & Joshi, R. M. (2007). Instruction of metacognitive strategies enhances reading comprehension and vocabulary achievement of third-grade students. The Reading Teacher, 61 (1), 70-77. Retrieved from https://knilt.arcc.albany.edu/images/4/4d/Metacognitive_Strategies.pdf
Brown A. L., Day J. D. (1983). Macrorules for summarizing texts: The development of expertise. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(83)80002-4
Carpenter, P. A., & Just, M. A. (1989). The role of working memory in language comprehension. In D. Klahr & K. Kotovsky (Eds.), Complex information processing: The impact of Herbert A. Simon (pp. 31-68). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Retrieved from https://www.routledge.com/Complex-Information-Processing-The-Impact-of-Herbert-A-Simon/Klahr-Kotovsky/p/book/9780805801781
Davies, F. (1995). Introducing reading. UK: Peguin Books. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/Introducing_Reading.html?id=U7RmQgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y
del Pino, M., García, V., & Millán, J. (2013). Study of Recall in Reading Skill with Relationship of Prior Knowledge–Researching Significative Intergrupal Differences. International Education Studies, 6 (12), 15-24. Canadian Center of Science and Education. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n12p15
Duffy, G. G. (2009). Explaining reading: A resource for teaching concepts, skills and strategies (2nd edition). New York & London: The Guilford Press. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED479064
Fitzgerald, J. (2003). Multilingual reading theory. Reading Research Quarterly, 38(1), 118-122. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/4151694
Flavell, J. H. (1976). Metacognitive aspects of problem solving. In Besnick (Ed.), The Nature of Intelligence (pp.231-235). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Retrieved from https://www.routledge.com/The-Nature-of Intelligence/Resnick/p/book/9781032646442
Garner, R. (1987). Metacognition and reading comprehension. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1987-97150-000
Gómez Á, Devís, A., & Sanjosé, V. (2012). Effects of summarization tasks on comprehension monitoring of science texts in university students with elementary or intermediate English proficiency. Porta Linguarum, 18, 161-176. http://hdl.handle.net/10550/42047
Goodman, K. S. (1976). Reading: A psycholinguistic guessing game. In H. Singer & R. B. Ruddell (Eds.), Theoretical models and processes of reading (2nd edition) (pp. 497-508). Newark, Delaware: International Reading Association.
Goodman, K. S. (1982). Revaluing readers and reading. Topics in Learning & Learning Disabilities, 1(4), 87-93. Retrieved from https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/978020336692918/revaluing-readers-reading-kenneth-goodman
Grabe, W., & Stoller, F. (2001). Reading for academic purposes: Guidelines for the ESL/EFL teacher. In M. Celce-Murcia (Ed.), Methods in teaching English as a second or foreign language (pp. 187-204). Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Horowitz, R., & Samuels, S. J. (1985). Reading and listening to expository text. Journal of Reading Behavior, 17(3), 185–198. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10862968509547539
Huan, N. B., & Thi, N., & Ngan, N. (2017). Summarizing strategy: Potential tool to promote English as a foreign language (EFL) students’ reading comprehension in a vocational school, Vietnam. European Journal of Education Studies, 3(8), 51-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.820656
Kern, R. G. (1989). Second language reading strategy instruction: Its effects on comprehension and word inference ability. The Modern Language Journal, 73(ii), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1989.tb02535.x
Kintsch, W., & van Dijk, T. A. (1978). Toward a model of text comprehension and production. Psychological Review, 85(5), 363–394. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.85.5.363
Li, H., Gan, Z., Leung, S. O., & An, Z. (2022). The impact of reading strategy instruction on reading comprehension, strategy use, motivation, and self-efficacy in Chinese university EFL students. SAGE Open, 12(1) 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221086659
Marshall, N. & Glock, M. D. (1978-79). Comprehension of connected discourse: A study into the relationship between the structure of text and information recalled. Reading Research Quarterly, 14, 10-56. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2307/747293
Marzec-Stawiarska, M. (2016). The influence of summary writing on the development of reading skills in a foreign language. System, 59, 90–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2016.04.006.
Msaddek, M. (2013). The role of metacognitive thinking in text processing. In A. Zaki, M. Najbi, & A. Chaibi (Eds.), Critical Thinking Skills in English Language Education: Proceedings of the 32nd Moroccan Association of Teachers of English Annual Conference Oujda, April 9 through 12, 2012 (pp. 41-46). Oujda: Publication of the Moroccan Association of Teachers of English (MATE). Printed by Safahate Design, Béni Mellal. Dépôt légal: 2013 M0 0221. ISBN: 978-9981-9537-3-4
Msaddek, M. (2015). Moroccan EFL Students’ Learning of Cognitive and Metacognitive Reading Strategies: Rabat FLHS Semester One Students as a Case Study (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
Msaddek, M. (2023). The learnability of cognitive and metacognitive reading strategies in Moroccan higher education: A quasi-experimental study. Journal of Education and Training (JET), 10 (2), 65-90, Macrothink Institute (MI). https://doi.org/10.5296/jet.v10i2.21164
Nuttall, C. (1996). Teaching reading skills in a foreign language. Oxford: Macmillan Heinemann. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/Teaching_Reading_Skills_in_a_Foreign_Lan.html?id=Op7lQwAACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Ramirez-Avila, M. R., & Barreiro, J. P. (2021). The Effect of Summarizing Narrative Texts to Improve Reading Comprehension. Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Learning, 6(2), 94-110. https://doi.org/10.18196/ftl.v6i2.11707
Rinehart S. D., Stahl S. A., Erickson L. G. (1986). Some effects of summarization training on reading and studying. Reading Research Quarterly, 21, 422-438. https://doi.org/10.2307/747614
Stein, B. L. & Kirby, J.R. (1992). The effects of text absent and text present conditions on summarization and recall of text. Journal of Reading Behaviour, xxiv (2), 217-232. https://doi.org/10.1080/10862969209547773
Swanson, H. L. (1989). Strategy instruction: Overview of principles and procedures for use. Learning Disability Quarterly, 12 (1), 3-14. https://doi.org/10.2307/1510248
Szűcs, A., & Kövér, Á. (2016). Reading skills involved in guided summary writing: A case study. Working Papers in Language Pedagogy. 10, 56-72 https://doi:10.61425/wplp.2016.10.56.72
Tonks, S. M., & Taboada, A. (2011). Developing self-regulated readers through instruction for reading engagement. In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 173-186). New York: Routledge. Retrieved from https://www.routledge.com/Handbook-of-Self-Regulation-of-Learning-and-Performance/Schunk-Greene/p/book/9781138903197
Williams, E. (1984). Reading in the language classroom. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/Reading_in_the_Language_Classroom.html?id=d8OhQgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Wittrock, M. C., & Alesandrini, K. (1990). Generation of summaries and analogies and analytic and holistic abilities. American Educational Research Journal, 27, 489–502. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312027003489
دانلودها
چاپ شده
شماره
نوع مقاله
مجوز
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).


