SOME LEXICO-GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF CAMEROON FRANCOPHONE ENGLISH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejel.v10i4.6363Klíčová slova:
CamFE, lexical, grammatical, coin, French, feature, user, speaker, New EnglishesAbstrakt
In Cameroon, the complexity of the linguistic landscape has led to the speaking of two non-native varieties of English to express the country’s realities. Cameroon English is spoken by Anglophone Cameroonians of the North/South West Regions of the country. Cameroon Francophone English is spoken by Francophones in the remaining eight regions of Cameroon. The phonological features of the two varieties of English have been extensively studied and are quite stable, but their lexical, syntactical and grammatical characteristics, among others, still need a lot of investigation. They are full of innovations, neologisms, and coinage (Simo Bobda 1994; Safotso 2020) that some students’ dissertations continue to consider as errors, though many of them are very regular. This study analyses data gathered from university students’ essays (N=600), classroom presentations and discussions, debates on various national radio stations and TV channels (Safotso 2022) to highlight some lexico-grammatical features of Cameroon Francophone English. Results show that, like its phonological aspects, Cameroon Francophone English has lexico-grammatical hallmarks despite the ample teaching of Standard English to its speakers.
Article visualizations:
Reference
Ajewole-Orimogunje & Oluremi, C. (2013). Lexico-Grammatical Features of Nigerian English. International Journal of English Language Education. 1(1), 261-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.5292/ijele.vlil.3316
Atechi, S. N. (2015). The Emergence of Cameroon Francophone English and the Future of English in Cameroon. British Journal of English Linguistics, 3(3), 23-33. Retrieved from https://www.eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/The-emergence-of-Cameroon-Francophone-English-and-the-future-of-English-in-Cameroon.pdf
Atechi, S. N. (2006). The Intelligibility of Native and Non-Native English Speech. Göttingen: Cuvillier Verlag. Retrieved from https://d-nb.info/972345264/34
Benrabah, M. (1987). The Intelligibility of Algerian Speakers of English. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 35(3), 157-163. Retrieved from http://depot.umc.edu.dz/handle/123456789/2798
Bansal, R. K. (1969). The Intelligibility of Indian English. Monograph N° 4. Hyderabad: Central Institute of English. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/The_Intelligibility_of_Indian_English.html?id=QB1aAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y
Camps, D. & Salisbury, T. (2008). Faculty perceptions of EFL student writing. ESP World, 2(18), vol. 7: 1-18. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271133760_Faculty_perceptions_of_EFL_student_writing
Chang, J. (1987). Chinese Speaker. In Swan, M. & Smith, B. (eds.) A Teacher’s Guide to Interferences and Other Problems. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 310-324. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/Learner_English.html?id=6UIuWj9fQfQC&redir_esc=y
CETRA (2012). What languages are spoken in Cameroon? Retrieved on 27 September 2024.
https://www.cetra.com/blog/what-languages-are-spoken-in-cameroon/
Crystal, D. (2005). Rediscover Grammar, 3rd ed. Harlow Essex: Pearson Longman. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/Rediscover_Grammar.html?id=kFQmAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y
Ethnologue (2020). Languages of the World. Retrieved on 27 September 2024. https://www.ethonologue/country/cm/language
Gargesh, R. (2004). Indian English Phonology. In B. Kortman, Schneider, E W. Meshire, R. & Upton (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English, Vol. 1: Phonology. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, pp. 992-1002. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288864849_Indian_English_Phonology
Gradol, D. (2000). The Future of English? A Guide to forecasting the popularity of the English language in the 21st century. London: The British Council. Retrieved from https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/pub_learning-elt-future.pdf
Hamid Obaidul, M., Zhu Lingyan & Baldauljr, Richard, B. (2014). Norms and varieties of English and TESOL teacher Agency. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 39(10), 76-94. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1041866.pdf
Jowitt, D. (1991). Nigerian English Usage: An Introduction. Ikeja: Longman Nigeria PLC. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/Nigerian_English_Usage.html?id=J7kdAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y
Kachru, B. B. ed. (1983). The Other Tongue: English across Cultures. Oxford: Pergamon. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/The_Other_Tongue.html?id=DV4pddGfYSIC&redir_esc=y
Kouega, J. P. (2017). The Production of the Sequence –UI- by Francophone Learners of English. Sino-US English Teaching, 14(7), 262-271. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fa0a/3d163ba7023d70083609519702ed9237d3c2.pdf
Kouega, J. P. (2008). The English of Francophone Users in Cameroon: A Phonological Appraisal. Annals of the Faculty of Arts, Letters and Social Sciences, University of Yaounde I. Special Edition. Festschrift in Honour of Professor Paul. N. Mbangana:
-120.
Lighbown, P. M, & Spada, N. (2010). How Languages are Learned, 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://www.library.brawnblog.com/How%20Languages%20are%20Learned.pdf
Lobe, E. M. (1989). Cameroun: Le Camfranglais. Diagonales, 10, 33-34.
Mba, Gabriel (2009). Langue et gestion des langues au Cameroun. In Eboussi Boulaga, F. (ed.) L’Etat du Cameroon 2008. Yaounde : Prescriptor & Editions terroir, pp. 551-569.
Mesthrie, R. & Bhatt, M. (2012). World Englishes: The Study of New Linguistic Varieties: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791321
Ntsobe, A. M. et al. (2008). Le Camfranglais : quelle parlure ? Etude linguistique et sociologique. Frankfurt & Main: Peter Lang.
Odlin, T. (2000). Language Transfer - Cross linguistic influence in language learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/languagetransfer0000odli
Ojetunde, C. F. (2013). Lexico-Grammatical Errors in Nigerian English: Implications for Nigerian Teachers and Learners of English. European Scientific Journal, 9(7), 252-268. Retrieved from https://files.core.ac.uk/download/pdf/236413158.pdf
Ajewole-Orimogunje & Oluremi, C. (2013). Lexico Grammatical Features of English. International Journal of English Language Education, 1(1), 261-271. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijele.v1i1.3316
Penfield-Jasper (1980). Selected grammatical characteristics of Mohave English. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Arizona.
Platt, J. (1984). English in Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong. In Bailay, R. W. & Görlach, M. (eds.), English as a World Language. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press, pp. 383-414. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/English_as_a_World_Language.html?id=Abe0AAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y
Platt, J. Weber, Heidi & Ho, M. L. (1984). The New Englishes. London: Routledge. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/The_New_Englishes.html?id=JrU9AAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y
Safotso, G. T. (2022). Cameroon Francophone English in Public Speeches and on Audio-Visual Media. In Ngefac, A. (ed.), Aspects of Cameroon Englishes. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp.148-155.
Safotso, G. T. (2020). Neologisms and Cameroonisms in Cameroon English and Cameroon Francophone English. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 10(10): 210-1217. https://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.10.10.04
Safotso, G. T. (2018). A Study of Vowel Nasalization and Vowel Epenthesis Processes in Cameroon Francophone English. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Language, 7(2), 214-218. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.2p.214
Safotso, G. T. (2015a). The Mutual Intelligibility of Cameroon English and Indian English Speakers. English Linguistics Research, 4(3), 83-91. https://doi.org/10.5430/elr.v4n3p83
Safotso, G. T. (2015b). A Study of the Phonological Features of Cameroon Francophone English. Saarbrücken: Scholars’ Press.
Safotso, G. T. (2012). Aspects of Cameroon Francophone English Phonology. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(2), 2471-2477. Retrieved from https://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/tpls/vol02/12/03.pdf
Schneider, E. W. (2003). The Dynamics of New Englishes: From Identity Construction to Dialect Birth. Language, 79(2), 233-281. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/4489419
Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 10: 209-231. Retrieved from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/iral.1972.10.1-4.209/html?lang=en&srsltid=AfmBOoo8ZLjnSPpYhOaDxbcyvgdW42h1Sz9im5CvF0izsn9Vwfk-_1Bw
Simo Bobda, A. (2013). The Emergence of a Standardizing Cameroon English Pronunciation. In Nils-Lenard Johannesson et al. (eds.), Of butterflies and birds of dialects and genres. Stockholm: US-AB, pp. 289-301. Retrieved from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:629596/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Simo Bobda, A. (1994). Lexical Innovations Processes in Cameroon English. World Englishes, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.1994.tb00310.x
Sokeng, S. C. P. (2014). Grammatical errors of Bilingual 1 Francophone Learners of English in the University of Yaounde I. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 4(9), 177-1785. Retrieved from https://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/tpls/vol04/09/04.pdf
Tenjoh-Okwen, T. (1974). Learning English as a Foreign Language in Ntem, Cameroon: A Study of Language Interference in Secondary School Compositions and Suggestions for Remedial Pedagogy. Unpublished MA Dissertation, Ball State University, Munci, Indiana.
Tiffen, B. W. (1974). The Intelligibility of Nigerian English. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of London. Retrieved from https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1349554/
Stažení
Publikováno
Číslo
Sekce
Licence
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).


