THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL FITNESS PARAMETERS OF FIGURE SKATING ATHLETES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v6i7.3290Keywords:
physical characteristics, physical fitness, figure skatingAbstract
In order to monitor training effects and physical developments in elite sports, it may be beneficial to perform anthropometric measurements and physical fitness tests regularly. In this study, the relationship between the anthropometric properties and physical fitness values of elite figure skating athletes were investigated. 21 elite athletes in the 11-16 age group, female (n=12) and male (n=9), participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements were taken in accordance with The International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol. Σ6 and Σ8 skinfold thickness, body fat ratio (BF%), body mass index (BMI), Manouvrier Index (MI), waist/hip ratio and somatotype components in girls Group II, III and in boys Group II were calculated. Also, balance, flexibility, handgrip strength, vertical jump, agility, medicine ball overhead back throw, speed, and endurance tests were applied to all groups. Descriptive statistical analyzes were made using the IBM SPSS 25.0 statistics program. The relationship between variables was calculated by the Pearson Correlation coefficient. The significance level was taken as p<0.01 and p<0.05. In boys, body weight, body height and arm span, sitting height, BMI, humerus breadth and foot length were observed to be associated with all physical fitness parameters (p<0.01, p<0.05), except balance and agility; Girth measurements were related to handgrip strength, vertical jump, overhead medicine ball backward throw, speed and endurance (p<0.01, p<0.05). Negative relationships of the endomorphic feature with flexibility and endurance were determined (p<0.05). In girls, it was found that body weight, body height, and arm span, sitting height and BMI were related to flexibility, handgrip strength, medicine ball overhead back throw (p<0.01, p<0.05); girth measurements were found to be related to flexibility, handgrip strength, vertical jump, overhead medicine ball back throw (p<0.01, p<0.05); also, significant correlations (p<0.01, p<0.05) were found between the handgrip strength and breadth measurements. Assessment of the relationship between morphological features and motor skills with specific field tests and standardized tests performed at regular intervals in athletes can contribute to the athletes' selection and training planning of the relevant federations and orientating towards their goals.
Article visualizations:
References
Ackland T, Elliott B, Richards J, 2003. Growth in Body Size Affects Rotational Performance in Women’s Gymnastics. Sports Biomechanics, 2(2):163-176.
doi: 10.1080/14763140308522815 PMID: 14737925
Alıcı Ö, İri R, 2015. 13-15 Yaş Arasındaki Güreşçiler Hentbolcular ve Sedanterlerin Bazı
Fiziksel ve Fizyolojik Parametrelerinin Karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, Volume: 12 Issue: 1.
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), 2000. Pediatrics. Volume 106 Issue: 1
Armstrong N, Tomkinson G, Ekelund U, 2011. Aerobic Fitness and Its Relationship to Sport, Exercise Training and Habitual Physical Activity During Youth. Br J Sports Med, 45: 849-58.
Barton T, Hunter J, Williams D, McGrigor J, Slaght A, 2012. Long Term Athlete Development Implementation Plan. Skate Canada-BC/YT.
Bayraktar I, 2017. Agility and Speed Standards for Student Teenager Wrestlers. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(4): 558.
Bayraktar I, Pekel HA, Yaman M, Aydos L, 2010. Atletizmde Türkiye Norm Değerleri, Ata Ofset Matbaacılık, 2010 Ankara, 76-77.
Bingül BM, Akdeniz H, Töre ÖA, Aydın M, 2017. Kor Bölgesi Antrenmanlarının Artistik Buz Pateninde Loop ve Toe Loop Sıçramalarındaki Alt Extremite Kinematiğine Etkisi. Niğde Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. Cilt 11, Sayı 2, 188-194.
Bower ME, Kraemer WJ, Potteiger JA, Volek JS, Hatfield DA, Vingren JL, Spiering BA,
Fragala MS, Ho JY, Thomas GA, Earp JE, Häkkinen K, Maresh CM, 2010. Relationship between Off-Ice Testing Variables and On-Ice Speed in Women's Collegiate Synchronized Figure Skaters: Implications for Training. J Strength Cond Res, 24(3): 831-9.
Brown TD, Vescovi JD, 2008. Comparison of agility and countermovement jump performance among middle school, high school, and college aged female soccer players. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270160256_Comparison_of_agility_and_countermovement_jump_performance_among_middle_school_high_school_and_college_aged_female_soccer_players. Accessed: 12 December 2019.
Carter L, 1996. Somatotyping, in: Anthropometrica, Edited by: Kevin Norton&Tim Olds, UNSW press, Australia, p.148.
Council of Europe, 1988. Eurofit: handbook for the Eurofit tests of physical fitness. Rome: Council of Europe.
Dubravcic-Simunjak S, Kuipers H, Moran J, Pecina M, Simunjak B, Ambartsumov R, Sakai H, Mitchel D, Shobe J, 2008 Stress Fracture Prevalence in Elite Figure Skaters. J Sports Sci Med 7: 419–420.
Dubravcic-Simunjak S, Pecina M, Kuipers H, Moran J, Haspl M, 2003. The Incidence of Injuries in Elite Junior Figure Skaters. Am J Sports Med 31: 511–517.
Durakovic MM, 2012. Anthropometry in premenarcheal female esthetic sports athletes and ballerinas. Handbook of Anthropometry, pp 1817-1836.
Dwyer J, Eisenberg A, Prelack K, Song WO, Sonneville K, Ziegler P, 2012. Eating Attitudes and Food Intakes of Elite Adolescent Female Figure Skaters: A Cross Sectional Study Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition; 9:53.
Faulkner R A, 1976. Physique characteristics of Canadian figure skaters, Master of Science (Kinesiology), Simon Fraser University.
Harman E, Garhammer J, Pandorf C, 2000. Administration, scoring and interpretation of selected tests. In: Baechle TR, Earle RW, eds. Essentials of strength and conditioning. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 249–292.
Haslofça F, Kutlay E, Haslofça E, 2017. Analysis of Three Decade Changes in Physical Fitness Characteristics of Turkish Children Aged Between 11 and 12, Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine 52(4): 137-145, doi:10.5152/tjsm.2017.081.
Hatipoğlu N, Öztürk A, Mazıcıoğlu MM, K urtoğlu S, Seyhan S, Lokoğlu F, 2008. Waist
Circumference Percentiles for 7- to 17- year-old Turkish Children and Adolescents.
(4): 383-389. doi: 10.1007/s00431-007-0502-3.
Kamiş O, Pekel HA, Aydos L, 2018. Kısa Mesafe Koşucuları ve Basketbolcularda Kor Stabilite ve Atletik Performans Arasındaki İlişki. Spormetre, 16 (1), p. 89.
Kemper HCG, Van Mechelen W, 1996. Physical fitness testing of children: a European perspective. Pediatr Exerc Sci 1996; 8:201-14.
Kutlay E, Güner G, 2018. Elit Kadın Artistik Buz Pateni Sporcularının Fiziksel Özellikleri, Spor Bilimleri Kongresi, Kongre Kitabı, Antalya.
Léger LA, Mercier D, Gadoury C, Lambert J, 1988. The multistage 20-meter shuttle run test for aerobic fitness. J Sports Sci; 6:93–101.
Lindsay Carter JE, Honeyman Heath B, 1990. Somatotyping: Development and Applications (Cambridge Studies in Biological Anthropology vol. 5). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Marfell-Jones MJ, Olds T, Stewart AD, Carter L, 2007. International standards for Anthropometric Assessment. Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Mazıcıoğlu MM, Hatipoğlu N, Öztürk A, Gün İ, Üstünbaş HB, Kurtoğlu S, 2009. Age references for the arm span and stature of Turkish children and adolescents. Annals of Human Biology, 36 (3):308-319.
Monsma EV, Malina RM, 2005. Anthropometry and Somatotype of Competitive Female Figure Skaters 11-22 years Variation by Competitive Level and Discipline, Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 45, 4:491-500.
Mostaert M, Deconinck F, Pion J, Lenoir M, 2016. Anthropometry, Physical Fitness and Coordination of Young Figure Skaters of Different Levels. Int J Sports Med; 37:531 538.
Nalbant Ö, 2018. 13-14 Yaş Kız ve Erkek Basketbolcuların Fiziksel ve Kondisyonel Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması. Spormetre, 16 (1), p.55-60.
Neyzi O, Günöz H, Furman A, Bundak R, Gökçay G, Darendeliler F, Baş F, 2008. Türk Çocuklarında Vücut Ağırlığı, Boy Uzunluğu, Baş Çevresi ve Vücut Kitle İndeksi
Referans Değerleri, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi, 51:1-14.
OptoJump, Applications, Test-Typologies, Squat-Jump http://www.optojump.com/Applications/Test-Typologies/Squat-Jump.aspx. Accessed 30 October 2019.
Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ, Sjostrom, M, 2008. Physical Fitness in Childhood and Adolescence: A Powerful Marker of Health. Int J Obese, 32:1–11.
Peker AT, Kaya E, Zengin S, 2017. Çocuk Judocularda Çeviklik ile Denge Performansı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi, Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Dergisi / Cilt: 3 Sayı:1, s.5
Ramsbottom R, Brewer J, Williams C, 1988. A Progressive Shuttle Run Test to Estimate Maximal Oxygen Uptake. Br J Sports Med. 22(4): 141–144.
Slater G, O’Connor H, Kerr A, 2018. Optimizing Physique for Sports Performance, Best Practice Protocols for Physique Assessment in Sport, ed: Patria A. Hume, Deborah A. Kerr, Timothy R. Ackland, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018, p. 27-36.
Slater LV, Vriner M, Zapalo P, Arbour K, Hard JM, 2016. Difference in Agility, Strength, and Flexibility in Competitive Figure Skaters Based on Level of Expertise and Skating Discipline, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30 (12), 3321-3328.
Slaughter MH, Lohman TG, Boileau RA, Horswill CA, Stillman RJ, Van Loan MD, Bemben DA, 1988. Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth. Hum Biol.; 60: 709-23.
Tomkinson GR, Carver KD, Atkinson F, Daniell ND, Lewis LK, Fitzgerald JS, Lang JJ, Ortega FB, 2018. European Normative Values for Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents Aged 9–17 Years: Results from 2 779 165, Eurofit Performances Representing 30 Countries. Br J Sports Med., 52:1445-1456.
Topendsports, https://www.topendsports.com/testing/norms/beep.htm, Accessed 06 November 2019.
Tucker R, Collins M, 2012. What makes champions? A Review of the Relative Contribution of Genes and Training to Sporting Success. Br J Sports Med., 46:555–561.
Voelker DK, Gould D, Reel JJ, 2014. Prevalence and Correlates of Disordered Eating in Female Figure Skaters. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15, 696-704.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
