IDENTIFY PROBLEMS AND BARRIERS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRACK AND FIELD IN IRAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v0i0.369Keywords:
privatization, development of track and field, administrative barriers, political barriers, legal barriers, cultural barriers, economic barriersAbstract
The aim of this study is to identify problems and barriers to the development of the track and field in Iran. The method used in this research is descriptive. The population of this research, current and former directors of track and field, heads of various committees track and field Federation and officials of the provinces, sports management and some pundits and prominent in track and field are estimated 260 to have formed. Due to the unavailability of certain population number was considered as a whole. In the end, 171 questionnaires were analyzed. Data were collected in this study included self-made questionnaire with 47 items was five components. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation, charting), and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests to determine the normal distribution of data, Friedman test was used for ranking each factor. The results showed that the barriers are the most important to least important barriers are cultural barriers, social barriers, structural barriers, economic barriers and administrative and legal obstacles.
Article visualizations:
References
Barros .C.P (2006), The Financial crisis in Portuguese Football, Journal of Sport Economics, 7(1), 96-104.
Bloom, M., Grant, M. & Watt, D. (2005). Strengthening Canada: The Socioeconomic Benefits of Sport Participation in Canada, the conference Board of Canada, pp: 36-38.
Brandes, L., Frank, E. (2006), How Fans improve competitive balance: an empirical analysis of the German Bundesliga. University of Zurich, Institute for Strategy and business economics, working paper no 41.
Doherty, A., Murray, M. (2007). The strategic sponsorship process in a non- profit sport organization. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 16(1): 45-59.
Forrest, D., Simmons, R. (2002), Outcomes uncertainty and attendance demand in sport: the case of English Soccer, the Statistician, 51 (2): 229-241.
Garcia, J., Rodriguez, P. (2002). The determinants of football match attendance revisited: Empirical evidence from the Spanish football league, Journal of sport economics, 3(1): 18- 38.
Guidio Ascari, Philippe Gagnepain (2003).How Inefficient are Football Clubs? An Evaluation of the Spanish Arms Race. Department of Economics. University of Madrid. January (2003).
Hamil, S, Holt, M, Michie, J, Oughton, C and Shailer, L (2004). The Corporate Governance of Professional Football Clubs, Corporate Governance: International Journal of Business in Society, 4:2:44-51.
Hamil, S, Michie, J, Oughton, C and Shailer, L (2002) ‘the State of the Game: the Corporate Governance of Football Clubs’, New Academy Review, spring, pp 79-92.
Hamil, S, Michie, J, Oughton, C and Warby, S (2000) ‘Recent Developments in Football Ownership’, Soccer and Society, Vol 1 pp 1-10.
Herrmann, J.L., Kacha, M., Derbaix, Ch.(2016). “I support your team, support me in turn!” ☆: The driving role of consumers' affiliation with the sponsored entity in explaining behavioral effects of sport sponsorship leveraging activities. Journal of Business Research, Volume 69, Issue 2, February 2016, Pages 604–612.
Jensen, J.A., Cobbs, J.B., Turner, B.A.(2016). Evaluating sponsorship through the lens of the resource-based view: The potential for sustained competitive advantage. Business Horizons. Volume 59, Issue 2, March–April 2016, Pages 163–173
Keen, MP.A. (2009). English Football and its Governance. All Party Parliamentary Football Group. In: www.allpartyfootball.com
Kesene, S. (2007). Belgian Football: A Comment. Journal of Sport Economics, 8(6): 670- 674.
Keshock, C.M. (2004), The Effects of economic impact information on the attitudes of potential sports sponsors operating in mid-size and small college communities. Unpublished Doctoral degree Dissertation, The Florida State University, College of Education, department of sport Management, Recreation Management and Physical Education.
Lopez, L., Garate, R. (2007). The demand for sport: sport consumption and participation models. Journal of sport Management, 21(1): 103- 122.
Sport Industry Research Center. (2004). The Impact of Achieving Sport England’s Target for Making England an Active Nation by 2020, Sheffield, England: Sport Industry Research Center, pp 2-3.
Sterlize, B. (2005). Relationship in Sport Sponsorship: a marketing perspective, unpublished doctoral degree dissertation, faculty of management, University of Johannesburg.
Tomasini, N. (2004). NCAA corporate sponsor objectives: Are there differences between divisions i-A, I-AA and I-AAA? , Sport marketing Quarterly, 13(4): 253- 264.
Wakefield, K. L. (1995). The pervasive effects of social influence sporting event attendance. Journal of sport and social issues, 19(4): 335- 351.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).


