PRE-EXERCISE CARBOHYDRATE ADMINISTRATION: EFFECT OF TIMING ON THE RATE OF GLYCOGEN METABOLISM DURING SUBMAXIMAL RUNNING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v9i4.4644Keywords:
carbohydrates, physiological parameters, metabolic responsesAbstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic responses of the timing of preexercise carbohydrate feeding. Nine moderately trained runners, 7 men, and 2 women, performed an incremental test to exhaustion followed by three 6 min running trials at 75% VO2max on the treadmill. The submaximal runs were performed after ingestion a placebo solution (PLA) one hour before or CHO solution 1gr.kgBM-1 one (CHO60) or two hours (CHO120) before the trial. All trials were performed at least 2 days apart in a double-blind cross-over design following an overnight fast. The results showed no significant differences in physiological parameters (VO2, RER, HR) and CHO metabolism between the three conditions. Blood glucose concentration immediately before the 6-min trials was higher after CHO60 (1.22±0.23 gr.L-1) compared to CHO120 (0.93±0.10 gr.L-1) conditions (p=0.007, η2= 0.567). These findings suggest that preexercise timing of CHO ingestion results in significantly different blood glucose concentrations prior to submaximal running, with no further metabolic and physiological alterations.
Article visualizations:
References
Bergstrom J, Hermansen L, Hultman E, Saltin B. Diet, muscle glycogen and physical performance. Acta Physiol Scand 71(2): 140-150, 1967
Billat V, Renoux JC, Pinoteau J, Petit B, Koralsztein JP. Reproducibility of running time to exhaustion at VO2max in subelite runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 26(2): 254-257, 1994.
Borg G, Ottosson D. The perception of exertion in physical work. Wenner-Green, Int Symposium Series 46, 1985.
Brouns F, Rehrer NJ, Saris WHM, Beckers E, Menheere P, ten Hoor F. Effect of carbohydrate intake during warming up on the regulation of blood glucose during exercise. Int J Sports Med 10(1): S568-S575, 1989.
Burke LM, Hawley JA, Wong SHS, Jeukendrup AE. Carbohydrates for training and competition. J Sports Sci 29(1): S17-S27, 2011
Chryssanthopoulos C, Hennessy LCM, Williams C. The influence of pre-exercise glucose ingestion on endurance running capacity. Br J Sports Med 28(2): 105-109, 1994
Costill DL, Coyle E, Dalsky G, Evans W, Fink W, Hoopes D. Effects of elevated plasma FFA and insulin on muscle glycogen usage during exercise. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 43(4): 695-699, 1977
Devlin JT, Calles-Escandon J, Horton ES. Effects of preexercise snack feeding on endurance cycle exercise. J Appl Physiol 60(3): 980-985, 1986.
Durnin, JVGA, Womersley J. (1974). Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. Br J Nutr 32(1): 77-97, 1974.
Febbraio MA, Stewart KL. CHO feeding before prolonged exercise: effect of glycemic index on muscle glycogenolysis and exercise performance. J Appl Physiol 81(3): 1115-1120, 1996.
Febbraio MA, Keenan J, Angus DJ, Campbell SE, Garnham AP. (2000). Preexercise carbohydrate ingestion, glucose kinetics, and muscle glycogen use: effect of the glycemic index. Appl Physiol 89(5): 1845-1851, 2000.
Fielding RA, Costill DL, Fink WJ, King DS, Kovaleski JE, Kirwan JP. Effects of pre-exercise carbohydrate feedings on muscle glycogen use during exercise in well-trained runners. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 56(2): 225-229, 1987.
Foster C, Costill DL, Fink WJ. Effects of preexercise feedings on endurance performance. Med Sci Sports 11(1): 1-5, 1979.
Galloway SDR, Lott MJE, Toulouse LC. Preexercise carbohydrate feeding and high-intensity exercise capacity: effects of timing of intake and carbohydrate concentration. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 24(3): 258-266, 2014.
Gleeson M, Maughan RJ, Greenhaff PL. Comparison of the effects of pre-exercise feeding of glucose, glycerol, and placebo on endurance and fuel homeostasis in man. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 55(6): 645-653, 1986.
Hargreaves M, Costill DL, Fink WJ, King DS, Fielding A. Effect of pre-exercise carbohydrate feedings on endurance cycling performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 19(1): 33-36, 1987.
Hargreaves M, Costill DL, Katz A, Fink WJ. Effect of fructose ingestion on muscle glycogen usage during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 17(3): 360-363, 1985.
Hermansen L, Hultman E, Saltin B. Muscle glycogen during prolonged severe exercise. Acta Physiol Scand 71(2): 120-139, 1967.
Jentjens RLPG, Jeukendrup A. Effects of pre-exercise ingestion of trehalose, galactose, and glucose on subsequent metabolism and cycling performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 88: 459-465, 2003.
Jeukendrup AE, & Killer SC. The myths surrounding pre-exercise carbohydrate feeding. Ann Nutr Metab 57(2): 18–25, 2010.
Karlsson J, Saltin B. Diet, muscle glycogen and endurance performance. J Appl Physiol 31(2): 203-206, 1971.
Kirwan JP, Cyr-Campbell D, Campbell WW, Scheiber J, Evans WJ. Effects of moderate and high glycemic index meals on metabolism and exercise performance. Metabolism, 50(7): 849-855, 2001.
Kondo S, Tanisawa K, Suzuki K, Terada S, Higuchi M. Preexercise Carbohydrate Ingestion and Transient Hypoglycemia: Fasting versus Feeding. Med Sci Sports Exerc 51(1): 168-173, 2019.
Kuipers H, Fransen EJ, Keizer HA. Pre-exercise ingestion of carbohydrate and transient hypoglycemia during exercise. Int J Sports Med 20(4): 227-231, 1999.
LaFontaine TP, Londeree BR, Spath WK. The maximal steady state versus selected running events. Med Sci Sports Exerc 13(3): 190-193, 1981.
Marmy-Conus N, Fabris S, Proietto J, Hargreaves M. Preexercise glucose ingestion and glucose kinetics during exercise. J Appl Physiol 81(2): 853-857, 1996.
McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Exercise physiology: nutrition, energy, and human performance. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins; 2010.
McMurray RG, Wilson JR, Kitchell BS. The Effects of Fructose and Glucose on High Intensity Endurance Performance. Res Q Exerc Sport 54(2): 156-162, 1983.
Moseley L, Lancaster GI, Jeukendrup AE. Effects of timing of pre-exercise ingestion of carbohydrate on subsequent metabolism and cycling performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 88(4-5): 453-458, 2003.
Navalta JW, Stone WJ, Lyons TS. Ethical Issues Relating to Scientific Discovery in Exercise Science. Int J Exerc Sci 12(1): 1-8, 2019.
Okano G, Takeda H, Morita I, Katoh M, Mu Z, Miyake S. Effect of pre-exercise fructose ingestion on endurance performance in fed men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 20(2), 105-109, 1988.
Pritchett K, Bishop P, Pritchett R, Kovacs M, Davis JK, Casaru C, Green JM. Effects of timing of pre-exercise nutrient intake on glucose responses and intermittent cycling performance. S Afr J Sports Med 20(3): 86-90, 2008.
Sasaki S, Nakae S, Ebine N, Aoi W, Higashi A, Ishii K. The effect of the timing of meal intake on energy metabolism during moderate exercise. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 60(1): 28-34, 2014.
Sherman W M, Peden MC, Wright DA. Carbohydrate feedings 1 h before exercise improves cycling performance. Am J Clin Nutr 54(5): 866-870, 1991.
Tokmakidis SP, Karamanolis IA. Effects of carbohydrate ingestion 15 min before exercise on endurance running capacity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 33: 441-449, 2008.
Tokmakidis SP, Volaklis KA. Pre-Exercise Glucose Ingestion at Different Time Periods and Blood Glucose Concentration During Exercise. Int J Sports Med 21(6): 453-457, 2000.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).


