INVESTIGATION OF TEAM COHESION IN CONTACT AND NON-CONTACT TEAM SPORTS

Authors

  • Joseph Reena Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Maharaja’s College, Ernakulam, India
  • Binu George Varghese Dean and Director, Prof. (Dr.), SPESS, Mahatma Gandhi University India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v13i4.6749

Keywords:

team cohesion, contact sports, non-contact sports, football, volleyball, sports psychology, group dynamics, male players

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to compare the level of team cohesion among male players participating in contact and non-contact team sports. For this purpose, football players represented the contact sport category, while volleyball players represented the non-contact sport category. A total of 60 male players, comprising 30 football players and 30 volleyball players aged between 18 and 25 years, were selected as subjects for the study. The study adopted a comparative descriptive research design. Team cohesion was assessed using the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an independent samples t-test through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The level of significance was fixed at 0.05. The results of the study revealed a significant difference in team cohesion between football and volleyball players (t = 3.47, p < .05). Volleyball players demonstrated higher levels of team cohesion compared to football players. The findings suggest that the nature and demands of non-contact sports may contribute to stronger interpersonal relationships, coordination, and group unity among players. The study concluded that sport type significantly influences team cohesion in team sports.

Author Biographies

  • Joseph Reena, Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Maharaja’s College, Ernakulam, India

    Smt. Reena Joseph is currently working as an Assistant Professor of Physical Education at Maharajas’s College, Ernakulam, Kerala, India.

  • Binu George Varghese, Dean and Director, Prof. (Dr.), SPESS, Mahatma Gandhi University India

    Prof. (Dr.) Binu George Varghese is the Dean and Director of the School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India, where he completed his advanced academic qualifications in Physical Education. He is a research supervisor at the university, having supervised six scholars to completion and currently supervising eight more. He continues his research and professional work in sports science, exercise physiology, physical fitness, athletic performance, kinesiology, and sports training. He has been the head of university sports development programs and has actively contributed to academic research and professional activities in the field of physical education and sports sciences.

    ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6223- 4652

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Published

2026-05-27

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 4 (2026)

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Articles

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