THE EFFECTS OF THE NON-DIRECTIVE INTERVENTION (NDI) ON PRESERVICE KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS’ SELF-ESTEEM, SELF-EFFICACY AND PERSONAL GROWTH

Authors

  • Alexandros Georgopoulos Faculty of Education, University of Thessaloniki, Educational Tower, University Campus, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
  • Constantinos Vouyoukas Faculty of Education, University of Thessaloniki, Educational Tower, University Campus, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v0i0.1830

Keywords:

experiential education, non-directive intervention, tertiary education, teacher education, self-efficacy, self-esteem, personal growth

Abstract

Non-Directive Intervention (NDI) is an experiential method of group facilitation, founded by Michel Lobrot. According to this method, the group facilitators intervene in a non-directive way. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of the NDI on the personal growth, general self-efficacy and self-esteem of pre-service preschool teachers. Ninety-three undergraduate students participated in the research. Results of the present research work showed that students’ personal growth, general self-efficacy and self-esteem were enhanced at the end of the sessions. Results are discussed within the NDI experiential learning framework.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter

DOI

References

Almaz, M. K. C., & Makino, S. (2010). Are we making the right choice to go for international exchange programs? Journal of International Business Education, 5, 145-160.

Anderson, L.W., Krathwohl, D.R., Airasian, P.W., Cruikshank, K.A., Mayer, R.E., Pintrich, P.R., Raths, J., & Wittrock, M.C. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. New York: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon.

Bakirtzis, K. (2002). Communication and education. Athens: Gutenberg (in Greek).

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Freeman: New York.

Behr, T., & Temmen, K. (2012). Teaching experience improving teacher education with experiental learning. International Journal on New Trends in Education and their Implications, 3, 60-73.

Beijaard, D., Meijer, P., C., & Verloop, N. (2004). Reconsidering research on teachers’ professional identity. Teaching and Teacher Education, 19, 277-290. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2003.07.001

Benne, K. D. (1976). The processes of re-education: An assessment of Kurt Lewin's views. Group & Organization Studies, 1, 26-43. doi: 10.1177/105960117600100104

Birkeland, M. S., Breivik, K., & Wold, B. (2014). Peer acceptance protects global self-esteem from negative effects of low closeness to parents during adolescence and early adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 70-80. doi: 10.1007/s10964-013-9929-1

Bradford, L. P. (1976). The laboratory method: A historical perspective. Group & Organization Studies, 1, 415-429. doi: 10.1177/105960117600100404

Carver, R. (1996). Theory for practice: a framework for thinking about experiential education. The Journal of Experiential Education, 19, 8-13. doi: 10.1177/105382599601900102

Cornelius-White, J. (2007). Learner-centered teacher-student relationships are effective: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 77, 113-143. doi: 10.3102/003465430298563

Cruz, B. C., & Patterson, J. (2005). Crosscultural simulations in teacher education: developing empathy and understanding. Multicultural Perspectives, 7, 40-47. doi: 10.1207/s15327892mcp0702_7

Dewey, J. (1938/1998). Experience and education. West Lafayette, Indiana: Kappa Delta Pi.

Farell, A. (2005). Globalising early childhood teacher education: a study of student life histories and course experience in teacher education. International Journal of Early Childhood, 37, 9-17.

Figl, K. (2008). Developing team competence of computer science students in person centered technology-enhanced courses. Unpublished PhD thesis. Universität Wien: Wien.

Fourcade, F., & Go, N. (2012). Towards a new paradigm in experiential learning: Lessons learned from kindergarten. The Journal of Management Development, 31, 198-208. doi: 10.1108/02621711211208835

Galanou, C., Galanakis, M., Alexopoulos, E, & Darviru, C. (2014). Rosenberg self-esteem scale Greek validation on student sample. Psychology, 5, 819-827. doi: 10.4236/psych.2014.58093

George, M. P. (2015). Experiential learning to enhance work skills, empathy and entrepreneurship in business schools. Journal of Contemporary Research in Management, 10, 1-15.

Gerstein, L. H., & Moeschberger, S. L. (2003). Building cultures of peace: An urgent task for counseling professionals. Journal of Counseling and Development, 81, 115-119. doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6678.2003.tb00233.x

Girvan, C., Conneely, C., & Tangney, B. (2016). Extending experiental learning in teacher professional development. Teaching and Teacher Education, 58, 129-139. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2016.04.009

Glynou, E, Schwarzer, R, & Jerusalem, M (1994). Greek adaptation of general self-efficacy scale. http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/gesund/publicat/ehps_cd/health/greek.htm

Hattingh, A., & de Kock, D.M. (2008). Perceptions of teacher roles in an experience-rich teacher education program. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 45, 321-332. doi: 10.1080/14703290802377216

Hewitt, J. P. (2009). The social construction of self-esteem. In S. J. Lopez, & C. R. Snyder (Eds), The Oxford handbook of positive psychology (2nd edition) (pp. 217-224). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Higgins, P. (2009). Into the big wide world: Sustainable experiential education for the 21st century. The Journal of Experiential Education, 32, 44-60. doi:.10.1177/105382590903200105

Hoban, G. (1999). Using a reflective framework for experiential education in teacher education classes. The Journal of Experiential Education, 22, 104-111. doi: 10.1177/105382599902200208

Ives, B., & Obenchain, K. (2006). Experiential education in the classroom and academic outcomes: For those who want it all. The Journal of Experiential Education, 29, 61-77. doi: 10.1177/105382590602900106

Irving, J. A., & Williams, D. I. (1999). Personal growth and personal development: concepts clarified. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 27, 517-526. doi: 10.1080/03069889908256287

Jetten, J., Branscombe, N. R, Haslam, S. A, Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., et al. (2015) Correction: Having a lot of a good thing: multiple important group memberships as a source of self-esteem, PLOS ONE, 10, 1-29. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131035

Jiusto, S., & Dibiasio, D. (2006). Experiental learning environments: do they prepare our students to be self-directed, life-long learners? Journal of Engineering Education, 195, 95-204. doi: 10.1002/j.2168-9830.2006.tb00892.x

Knight, C. (2014). Students' attitudes towards and engagement in self-disclosure: implications for supervision. The Clinical Supervisor, 33, 163-181. doi: 10.1080/07325223.2014.981493

Kocaman, G., Dicle, A., & Ugur, A. (2009). A longitudinal analysis of the self-directed learning readiness level of nursing students enrolled in a problem-based curriculum. Journal of Nursing Education, 48, 286-90.

Kolb, D.A., Boyatzis,R., & Mainemelis, C. (2001). Experiential learning theory: previous research and new directions. In R. Sternberg, & L. Zhang (Eds.), Perspectives on cognitive learning, and thinking styles (pp. 228-247). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Kolb, A., & Kolb, D. (2005). Learning styles and learning spaces: enhancing experiential learning in higher education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 4, 193-212. doi: 10.5465/AMLE.2005.17268566

Lewin, K., Lippitt, R., & White, R.K. (1999/1939). Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally created ‘social climates’. In M. Gold (Ed.), The complete social scientist: a Kurt Lewin reader (pp. 227-250). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Lindsay, A., & Ewert, A. (1999). Learning at the edge: can experiental education contribute to educational reform? Journal of Experiental Education, 22, 12-19. doi: 10.1177/105382599902200103

Lobrot, M. (1974). L’ animation non-directive des groups. Paris: Payot.

Lobrot, M. (1989). L’ecoute du desir. Paris: Retz.

Lobrot, M. (2007). Vivre ensemble: L’ attitude non-directive intervenante. Paris: Auto-édition.

Mannix McNamara, P., Sharon, M., Didier, J., & Lynch, R. (2012) Pre-service teachers' experience of and attitudes to teaching SPHE in Ireland. Health Education, 112, 199-216. doi: 10.1108/09654281211217759

Martin, A. J., & Leberman, S. I. (2005). Personal learning or prescribed educational outcomes: a case study of the outward bound experience. Journal of Experiental Education, 28, 44-59. doi: 10.1177/105382590502800106

Martin, A. J., & Legg, S. (2002). Investigating the inward sounds of outward bound. Australian Journal of outdoor education, 6, 27-36.

Mehta, C., & Patel, R. (1996). SPSS Exact Tests 7.0 for Windows. Chicago: SPSS Inc.

Nkhoma, M., Sriratanaviriyakul, N., Hiep, P. C., & Lam, T. K. (2014). Examining the mediating role of learning engagement, learning process and learning experience on the learning outcomes through localized real case studies. Education & Training, 56, 287-302. doi:10.1108/ET-01-2013-0005

Park, S., Holloway, S. D., Arendtsz, A., Bempechat, J., & Li, J. (2012). What makes students engaged in learning? A time-use study of within- and between-individual predictors of emotional engagement in low-performing high schools. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 390-401. doi: 10.1007/s10964-011-9738-3

Peterson, J. J., DeAngelo, S., Mack, N., Thompson, C., Cooper, J., & Sesma, A. J. (2014). Communication, communication, communication. Growth through laboratory instruction. Innovative Higher Education, 39, 321-332. doi: 10.1007/S10755-013-9279-7.

Raffan, J. (1995). Experiental education and teacher education. Journal of Experiental Education, 18, 117-119. doi: 10.1177/105382599501800301

Robinson, T. (2013). Relationships that emerged through participation in year 9 experiental education program. Australian Journal of Outdoor Education, 17, 54-64.

Rogers, C. R (1980). A way of being. Houghton Mifflin Company: New York.

Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist`s view of psychotherapy. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.

Rogers, C. R. (1954). Psychotherapy and personality change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Savage, M. P., & Wehman, T. L. (2014). Assessing the impact of international experiental education on the critical thinking skills and academic performance of college students. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 7, 1-18.

Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). General self-efficacy scale. In, J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds), Measures in health psychology: A user’s portofolio. causal and control beliefs (pp. 35-37). Wison: England.

Snyders, G. (1975). Ou vont les pedagogies non-directives? Paris: PUF.

Southcott, J. (2004). Seeing the big picture: experiental education in tertiary music education. Journal of Experiental Education, 27, 1-14. doi: 10.1177/105382590402700102

Speer, P. W. (1999). Intrapersonal and interactional empowerment: implications for theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 28, 51-61. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(200001)28:1<51::AID-JCOP6>3.0.CO;2-6

Vanlaere, L., Coucke, T., & Gastmans, C. (2010). Experiential learning of empathy in a care-ethics lab. Nursing Ethics, 17, 325-36. doi: 10.1177/0969733010361440

Vasilopoulos, S., & Brouzos, A. (2012). A pilot person-centered group for university students: effects on social anxiety and self-esteem. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 9, 222-239.

Weis, W. L., Hanson, L., & Arnesen, D. W. (2009). The use of Training groups (T-Groups) in raising self and social awareness and enhancing emotionally intelligence. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 13, 83-103.

Wolfe, B. D., & Samdahl, D. M. (2005). Challenging assumptions: Examining fundamental beliefs that shape challenge course programming and research. The Journal of Experiential Education, 28, 25-43. doi: 10.1177/105382590502800105

Wong, M. C. S., Lau, T. C. M., & Lee, A. (2012). The impact of leadership program on self-esteem and self-efficacy in school: a randomized controlled trial. PLOS ONE, 7, 1-6. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052023

Yalom, I. (1995). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.

Young, M. R. (2010). The art and science of fostering engaged learning. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 14, 1-18.

Zimmerman, M. A., Israel, B.A., Schulz, A., & Checkoway, B. (1992). Further explorations in empowerment theory: An empirical analysis of psychological empowerment. American Journal of Community Psychology, 20, 707-727. doi: 10.1007/BF01312604

Downloads

Published

2018-07-28

Issue

Section

Articles