INVESTIGATION OF THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE UNITS OF HEALTHY LIFE PREPARE CHILDREN FOR STRUGGLING WITH COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v7i11.3349Keywords:
primary school, life science, textbooks, COVID-19Abstract
Schools are one of the important environments where children can attain the right attitudes and behaviours during the epidemic. The curriculum implemented and textbooks taught in schools form the basis of resources for knowledge that can be used by both teachers and students. In Turkey, health information is given to primary school children in the units of “Healthy Life” in life sciences classes. In the current study, the extent to which the units of healthy life prepare children for struggling with COVID-19 was investigated. To this end, both the life sciences curriculum and the textbooks taught in the first three grade levels were analyzed. The findings of the study revealed that both the life sciences curriculum and the textbooks taught do not have the content adequate to prepare children for struggling with the epidemic.
Article visualizations:
References
Alemdar, Ç. (2019). 1st Grade Life Science Textbook. Ankara: Ardıç.
Allison, M. A., & Attisha, E. (2019). The link between school attendance and good health. Pediatrics, 143(2). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3648
Arslan, G., & Allen, K. A. (2020). Complete mental health in elementary school children: Understanding youth school functioning and adjustment. Current Psychology, 1-10. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00628-0
Benavot, A. (2011). Improving the provision of quality education: Perspectives from textbook research. Journal of International Cooperation in Education, 14(2), 1-16.
Benes, S., Boyd, K. M., Cucina, I., & Alperin, H. L. (2020). School-Based Health Education Research: Charting the Course for the Future. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 1-16. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2020.1712315
Bentsen, P., Bonde, A. H., Schneller, M. B., Danielsen, D., Bruselius-Jensen, M., & Aagaard-Hansen, J. (2020). Danish ‘add-in’school-based health promotion: integrating health in curriculum time. Health promotion international, 35(1), e70-e77. Doi: 10.1093/heapro/day095
Cairney, J., Dudley, D., Kwan, M., Bulten, R., & Kriellaars, D. (2019). Physical literacy, physical activity and health: Toward an evidence-informed conceptual model. Sports Medicine, 49(3), 371-383. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01063-3
Cowell, J. M. (2018). Population health: School health services and school nursing. Reprints and permission: Doi: 10.1177/1059840517748720
Cowell, J. M., & McDonald, C. C. (2018). School safety. Journal of school nursing, 34(4), 254-254. Doi: 10.1177/1059840518782215
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. SAGE Publications.
Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into practice, 39(3), 124-130. Doi: 10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2
Creswell, J. W., Hanson, W. E., Clark Plano, V. L., & Morales, A. (2007). Qualitative research designs: Selection and implementation. The counseling psychologist, 35(2), 236-264.
Çelikbaş, E., Gürel, F. & Özcan, N. (2019). 3rd Grade Life Science Textbook. Ankara: Ministry of Education Publications.
Dokumacı, A., Özdemir Gök, N. & Dokumacı, Z. (2019). 2nd Grade Life Science Textbook. Ankara: Ministry of Education Publications.
Elvita, W., Amini, R., & Ahmad, R. (2019). The development of integrated thematic textbooks with scientific approach for elementary schools students. JPGI (Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia), 4(1), 63-67. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29210/02369jpgi0005
Estacio, E. V., Whittle, R., & Protheroe, J. (2019). The digital divide: Examining socio-demographic factors associated with health literacy, access and use of internet to seek health information. Journal of health psychology, 24(12), 1668-1675. Doi: 10.1177/1359105317695429
European Parliament and the Council of Europe. (2006). Action programme in the field of lifelong learning (2004-2006). Official Journal of the European Union L (327): 45–68.
Fauzi, I., & Khusuma, I. H. S. (2020). Teachers’ Elementary School in Online Learning of COVID-19 Pandemic Conditions. Jurnal Iqra': Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(1), 58-70. Doi: https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v5i1.914
Grossoehme, D. H. (2014). Overview of qualitative research. Journal of health care chaplaincy, 20(3), 109-122. Doi: 10.1080/08854726.2014.925660
Growitz, S. (2020). Importance of Mental Health Awareness for Elementary School Students.
Guarner, J. (2020). Three emerging coronaviruses in two decades: the story of SARS, MERS, and now COVID-19. Doi: 10.1093/AJCP/AQAA029
Guglielmo, D., Chantaprasopsuk, S., Kay, C. M., Hyde, E. T., Stewart, C., & Gazmararian, J. A. (2020). Nutrition Policies, Practices, and Environments in Low‐Income Georgia Elementary Schools, United States, 2015‐2017. Journal of School Health, 90(4), 278-285. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12874
Gustafsson J. (2017). Single case studies vs. multiple case studies: A comparative study (Thesis). Sweden: Halmstad University.
Hariyadi, D. (2020). Nutrition Education Through Storytelling Methods To Increase Consumption of Vegetables and Fruits For Elemntary School Children. Jurnal Teknologi Kesehatan Borneo, 1(1), 41-47.
Heriyanto, Y., Laela, D. S., & Mulyanti, S. (2019, November). Relationship Between School Dental Health Education Program Through Video and Interactive Calendar Against Changes in Tooth Brushing Behavior in Elementary School-aged Children at SDN ArcamanikEndah and SDN Mekarjaya in Bandung City and Their Families. In Internatıonal Conference On Interprofessıonal Health Collaboratıon and Communıty Empowerment (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 399-401).
Hong, D. S., Choi, K. M., Runnalls, C., & Hwang, J. (2019). How well aligned are common core textbooks to students’ development in area measurement?. School Science and Mathematics, 119(5), 240-254. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.12336
Högberg, B., Strandh, M., Petersen, S., & Johansson, K. (2019). Education system stratification and health complaints among school-aged children. Social Science & Medicine, 220, 159-166. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.11.007
Hyde, E. T., Gazmararian, J. A., Barrett‐Williams, S. L., & Kay, C. M. (2020). Health Empowers You: Impact of a School‐Based Physical Activity Program in Elementary School Students, Georgia, 2015‐2016. Journal of School Health, 90(1), 32-38. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12847
Jadgal, M. S., Sayedrajabizadeh, S., Sadeghi, S., & Nakhaei-Moghaddam, T. (2020). Effectiveness of Nutrition Education for Elementary School Children Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, 8(1), 308-317. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.8.1.29
Jafari, A., MakvandGholipour, M., & KhoramiyanTousi, S. (2019). The effect of health promotion program on permanent dental health in elementary students. Iranian Journal of Pediatric Dentistry, 14(2), 79-88. d Doi: 10.29252/ijpd.14.2.79
Jerlström, C., & Adolfsson, A. (2020). Prevention of Chlamydia Infections With Theater in School Sex Education. The Journal of School Nursing, 36(3), 203-211. Doi: 10.1177/1059840518811912
Jourdan, D., Samdal, O., Diagne, F., & Carvalho, G. S. (2008). The future of health promotion in schools goes through the strengthening of teacher training at a global level. Promotion & education, 15(3), 36-38. Doi: 10.1177/1025382308095657
Kalaycı, N., & Yıldırım, N. (2020). Comparative Analysis and Evaluation of Turkish Course Curricula (2009-2017-2019). Trakya Journal of Education, 10(1), 260-284. Doi: 10.24315/tred.580427
Karabıyık, Ü. A. (2019). 3rd Grade Life Science Textbook. Ankara: Evren.
Karim, H. A. (2020). Health Literacy Among Rural Communities: Issues of Accessibility to Information and Media Literacy. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(1). Doi: https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3601-14
Kolbe, L. J. (2019). School health as a strategy to improve both public health and education. Annual review of public health, 40, 443-463. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth040218-043727
Lambie, G. W., Solomon, C., Joe, J. R., Kelchner, V. P., & Perleoni, M. K. (2019). A school-based mental health counseling intervention with students in Title I elementary schools. Children & Schools, 41(3), 161-168. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/cdz011
Lee, J., Zhang, T., Chu, T. L. A., Gu, X., & Zhu, P. (2020). Effects of a fundamental motor skill-based afterschool program on children’s physical and cognitive health outcomes. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(3), 733. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030733
Lodewyk, K. R., McNamara, L., & Sullivan, P. (2020). Associations Between Elementary Students’ Victimization, Peer Belonging, Affect, Physical Activity, and Enjoyment by Gender During Recess. Canadian journal of school psychology, 35(2), 154-170. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0829573519856814
Mahmoedi, A., & Moshayedi, G. (2012). Life Skill Education for Secondary Education. Life science journal, 9(3), 1393-1396.
Mahmood, K. (2011). Conformity to quality characteristics of textbooks: The illusion of textbook evaluation in Pakistan. Journal of research and Reflections in Education, 5(2), 170-190.
Mataheru, W., Huwaa, N. C., & Matitaputty, C. (2020). The Development of Textbook Based on Constructivism in the Basic Mathematical Concept Course. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1429, No. 1, p. 012006). IOP Publishing. Doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1429/1/012006
MEB (2009). Primary Education 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades Life Studies lesson curriculum and guide. Ankara: State Books Directorate Printing House..
MEB (2015). Primary Education 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades Life Studies lesson curriculum and guide. Ankara: State Books Directorate Printing House.
MEB (2018). Primary Education 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades Life Studies lesson curriculum and guide. Ankara: State Books Directorate Printing House.
Merriam, S. B. (2018). Qualitative research a guide to desing and implementation. Selahattin Turan (Translated Ed.). Translation from 3rd Edition. Ankara: Nobel.
Vocational Qualifications Authority (2015). Turkey qualifications framework. Ankara.
Milligan, L. O., Tikly, L., Williams, T., Vianney, J. M., & Uworwabayeho, A. (2017). Textbook availability and use in Rwandan basic education: A mixed-methods study. International journal of educational development, 54, 1-7.
Naseri-Salahshour, V., Abredari, H., Sajadi, M., Sabzaligol, M., & Karimy, M. (2019). The effect of oral health promotion program on early dental decay in students: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal of caring sciences, 8(2), 105. Doi: 10.15171/jcs.2019.015
Nash, R., Cruickshank, V., Flittner, A., Mainsbridge, C., Pill, S., & Elmer, S. (2020). How Did Parents View the Impact of the Curriculum-Based HealthLit4Kids Program Beyond the Classroom?. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1449. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041449
O’Connor, M., Cloney, D., Kvalsvig, A., & Goldfeld, S. (2019). Positive mental health and academic achievement in elementary school: new evidence from a matching analysis. Educational Researcher, 48(4), 205-216. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X19848724
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2007). Validity and qualitative research: An oxymoron?. Quality & quantity, 41(2), 233-249. Doi: 10.1007/s11135-006-9000-3
Öncü, E., Vayısoğlu, S. K., Lafci, D., Yurtsever, D., Bulut, E. R., & Peker, E. (2019). Comparison of interactive education versus fluorescent concretization on hand hygiene compliance among primary school students: A randomized controlled trial. The Journal of School Nursing, 35(5), 337-347. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840518785447
Paakkari, L., & Okan, O. (2020). COVID-19: health literacy is an underestimated problem. The Lancet Public Health, 5(5), e249-e250. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/
Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and policy in mental health and mental health services research, 42(5), 533-544. Doi: 10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
Pane, R., & Andayani, L. S. (2020). Relationship between the Cleanliness of Nails and the Usage of Footwear with the Incidence of Helminths Infections on Elementary Student in Sibolga of 2019. Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal, 2(1), 45-52. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33258/bioex.v2i1.107
Park, M., Thwaites, R. S., & Openshaw, P. J. (2020). COVID‐19: lessons from SARS and MERS. European Journal of Immunology, 50(3), 308. Doi: 10.1002/eji.202070035
Prabowo, M. A. (2020). Investigation of the Textbooks Based on Problem Based Learning to Improve Student Learning Outcomes in Thematic Learning. International Journal of Educational Research Review, 5(4), 373-379. Doi: https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.758174
Prompetchara, E., Ketloy, C., & Palaga, T. (2020). Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: Lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 38(1), 1-9. Doi: 10.12932/AP-200220-0772
Rachmawati, E., Setiawan, A. S., Hayati, A. T., Saptarini, R. P., Carolina, D. N., & Rusminah, N. (2019). Determination of Oral Hygiene Status (OHI-S) and Dental Health Status (def-t) of Elementary School Age Children in Bandung City. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research, 12(4), 1447-1451.
Rashidi Birgani, H., & Niknami, S. (2019). Effect of Oral Health Education on Adoption of Dental Caries Preventive Behaviors among Elementary Students Using Combined Training. Health Education and Health Promotion, 7(1), 1-7. Doi: 10.29252/HEHP.7.1.1
Raval, G., Montañez, E., Meyer, D., & Berger‐Jenkins, E. (2019). School‐Based Mental Health Promotion and Prevention Program “Turn 2 Us” Reduces Mental Health Risk Behaviors in Urban, Minority Youth. Journal of school health, 89(8), 662-668. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12805
Richards, K. A. R., Ivy, V. N., Wright, P. M., & Jerris, E. (2019). Combining the skill themes approach with teaching personal and social responsibility to teach social and emotional learning in elementary physical education. Journal of physical education, recreation & dance, 90(3), 35-44. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2018.1559665
Riolina, A., Hartini, S., & Suparyati, S. (2020). Dental and oral health problems in elementary school children: A scoping review. Pediatric Dental Journal. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdj.2020.04.001
Samerski, S. (2019). Health literacy as a social practice: Social and empirical dimensions of knowledge on health and healthcare. Social Science & Medicine, 226, 1-8. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.024
Sasube, L. M., & Luntungan, A. H. (2020). The Relationship Among Nutrition Knowledge, Vegetable Diet, Nutrition Status of Don Bosco Elementary Students, Manado. International Journal of Global Operations Research, 1(1), 1-5.
Schmitt, S. A., Bryant, L. M., Korucu, I., Kirkham, L., Katare, B., & Benjamin, T. (2019). The effects of a nutrition education curriculum on improving young children’s fruit and vegetable preferences and nutrition and health knowledge. Public health nutrition, 22(1), 28-34. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018002586
Schreier, M. (2018). Sampling and generalization. The Sage handbook of qualitative data collection, 84-98.
Selçuk, Z. (2008). Education psychology. Ankara: Nobel.
Setiawan, A. R. (2020). Scientific Literacy Worksheets for Distance Learning in the Topic of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Doi: 10.35542/osf.io/swjmk
Sofiana, L., Gustina, E., Wardani, Y., & Halimatusa’diyah, T. (2020, March). Environmental Factors and Helminth Infections Among Elementary Students. In 5th Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Public Health Conference (UPHEC 2019) (pp. 72-75). Atlantis Press. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.200311.013
Sudiana, I. K., Adiputra, N., & Adnyana, P. B. (2020). Development of Health Integrative Thematic Textbooks (Batik) To Provide Health Education in Elementary Schools. JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia), 8(2), 256-265. Doi: 10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v8i2.24103
Sun, C., Wang, Q., Poudel Adhikari, S., Ye, R., Meng, S., Wu, Y., ... & Zhou, H. (2019). Correlates of School Children’s Handwashing: A Study in Tibetan Primary Schools. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(17), 3217. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173217
Şişman, M. (2015). Introduction to educational science. Ankara: Pegem.
Taneri, A., (2017). The effect of case study with scenario based learning methods for gaining production and consumer knowledge. Doctoral Thesis, Gazi University Institute of Educational Sciences, Ankara.
Tomokawa, S., Miyake, K., Takeuchi, R., Kokudo, S., & Asakura, T. (2020). Participation of children in school health in Japan. Pediatrics International. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.14347
Truman, E., Bischoff, M., & Elliott, C. (2020). Which literacy for health promotion: health, food, nutrition or media?. Health promotion international, 35(2), 432-444. Doi: 10.1093/heapro/daz007
Ulusoy, Y. (2018). 2nd Grade Life Science Textbook. Ankara: Beşgen.
Vamos, S., Okan, O., Sentell, T., & Rootman, I. (2020). Making a Case for “Education for Health Literacy”: An International Perspective. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(4), 1436. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041436
Veugelers, P. J., & Schwartz, M. E. (2010). Comprehensive school health in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health/Revue Canadienne de Sante'e Publique, S5-S8.
Videto, D. M., & Dake, J. A. (2019). Promoting health literacy through defining and measuring quality school health education. Health promotion practice, 20(6), 824-833. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839919870194
Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., & Jiang, F. (2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet, 395(10228), 945-947. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X
World Health Organization (a). (2020). Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations: scientific brief, 27 March 2020 (No. WHO/2019-nCoV/Sci_Brief/Transmission_modes/2020.1). World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation report, 72.
Wuryani, M. T., & Yamtinah, S. (2018). Developing Thematic Textbooks based on Character Education at Elementary School. Ilkogretim Online, 17(1). Doi: 10.17051/ilkonline.2018.413768
Xie, Z., & Yang, J. (2020). Autonomous learning of elementary students at home during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A case study of the Second Elementary School in Daxie, Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China. Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China (March 15, 2020). Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3555537
Yamada, M., Sekine, M., Tatsuse, T., & Asaka, Y. (2019). Association between lifestyle, parental smoke, socioeconomic status, and academic performance in Japanese elementary school children: the Super Diet Education Project. Environmental health and preventive medicine, 24(1), 22. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-019-0776-x
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).


