THE ROLE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND JOB SATISFACTION IN SUSTAINING TEACHER RETENTION IN A PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION

Autors/ores

  • Rodello P. Lauron University of Cebu, Banilad Campus, Cebu City, Philippines

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v13i5.6633

Paraules clau:

social support, job satisfaction, teacher retention, private higher education institution

Resum

This study examined the influence of social support and job satisfaction on teacher retention within a predominantly young and early-career teaching workforce at a private higher education institution in Cebu, Philippines, during the school year 2025–2026. Teacher retention remains a pressing concern, making it crucial to understand how workplace experiences shape teachers’ decisions to remain in the profession. The study assessed the levels of social support and job satisfaction and identified factors that significantly contribute to sustaining teacher retention. A descriptive-correlational design was employed, involving 116 purposively selected teachers who responded to a validated and reliability-tested adopted survey questionnaire. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods to measure social support, job satisfaction, and the factors influencing retention. Findings revealed that teachers reported high levels of social support and very high job satisfaction, particularly in career development, school climate, and leadership support. Retention-related factors, including compensation, administrative support, working conditions, and professional growth, were also rated strongly. Correlation results showed that social support was not significantly related to job satisfaction or teacher retention, whereas job satisfaction demonstrated a significant positive relationship with retention. Overall, the study underscores that workplace conditions and teachers’ professional experiences strongly shape retention. Strengthening job satisfaction, improving working conditions, and enhancing institutional support are essential strategies for sustaining a committed and motivated teaching workforce.

Biografia de l'autor/a

  • Rodello P. Lauron, University of Cebu, Banilad Campus, Cebu City, Philippines

    Dr. Rodello P. Lauron (Ed.D-EMD) holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science. He earned this degree from the University of the Visayas- Main Campus, Cebu City, Philippines. He has earned his certificate of Professional Education at the same University. He is a Licensed Professional Teacher with a major in Social Studies. He has also passed the Civil Service Professional Examination. He obtained his Master's in Science Teaching major in English Language and Literature from the University of Cebu-Main Campus, Cebu City, Philippines. Recently, he graduated with a Doctor of Education in Educational Management and Development from Cebu Technological University-Main Campus, Cebu City, Philippines. He has been teaching Professional Teacher Education and General Education subjects at the University of Cebu-Banilad campus since 2002. He has been the Coordinator of the General Education Department of the University of Cebu-Banilad campus since 2016 up to the present. He has recently attained the rank of Assistant Professor at the same University. He has also co-authored research published in an international peer-reviewed journal. He is honing his expertise in research methodology to explore innovative strategies for teaching and learning. With his commitment to professional growth, he strives to make a significant impact in the field of higher education.

Referències

Allen, D. G., Shore, L. M., & Griffeth, R. W. (2003). The role of perceived organizational support and supportive human resource practices in the turnover process. Journal of Management, 29(1), 99–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630302900107

Armstrong, M. (2012). Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice (12th ed.). Kogan Page. Retrieved from https://e-uczelnia.uek.krakow.pl/pluginfile.php/604792/mod_folder/content/0/Armstrongs%20Handbook%20of%20Human%20Resource%20Management%20Practice_1.pdf

Ali, H., & Ahmed, S. (2023). Work-life balance and job satisfaction among faculty in private universities: A retention perspective. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 11(1), 45–60.

Anog, M.D., De Vera, J.V., Peteros, E.D. (2024). Examining Teacher Retention through the Lens of Job Satisfaction and Commitment in a Philippine Private School. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research Vol. 23, No. 9, pp. 242-264, https://www.ijlter.org/index.php/ijlter/article/view/11243

Barkhuizen, N., Mogwere, P., & Schutte, N. (2021). Organizational culture and teacher retention in private schools: A South African perspective. South African Journal of Education, 41(3), 1–10. https://izlik.org/JA43DW62XC

Baron, J. V., & Camlian, M. M. (2025). Workplace health & safety, social support, and turnover intention in private Philippine HEIs. Asian Humanities and Research Management Review. https://goodwoodpub.com/index.php/ahrmr/article/view/2661

Borman, G. D., & Dowling, N. M. (2021). Teacher attrition and retention: A meta-analytic and narrative review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 91(3), 367–409. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308321455

Bribesh, D. A. T. A., Azam, S. F., & Khatibi, A. (2024). Influential Factors of Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Performance in Libyan Public Higher Education. International Journal on Management Education and Emerging Technology (IJMEET), 2(1), 54-62. Retrieved from https://ijmeet.org/index.php/journal/article/view/32

Bryant, P. C., Allen, D. G., & Vardaman, J. M. (2020). Retaining talent: Replacing misconceptions with evidence-based strategies. Academy of Management Perspectives, 34(3), 437–450. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2017.0033

Carmeli, A. (2005). The relationship between organizational culture and employees' job satisfaction. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 13(3), 284–301. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028998

Chabokrowa, M., Muenjohn, N., & Montague, A. (2024). “Spirit at Work” predicts job satisfaction & organisational citizenship, influencing retention in Australian private universities. University of Bradford Repository. https://bradscholars.brad.ac.uk/server/api/core/bitstreams/6a9d9eaa-d664-4dcd-b17e-59ac8c6755c5/content

Chen, B., Ren, G., & Liu, Y. (2022). Professional identity, competence, motivation, prospects, fairness & achievements drive job happiness. Frontiers in Psychology. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1018517/pdf

Collie, R. J. (2021). Teacher well-being and its link to job satisfaction and retention: A longitudinal study. Teaching and Teacher Education, 105, 103395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103395

CUPA-HR. (2023). U.S. higher-education employee survey: Basic job satisfaction as strongest retention predictor. CUPA-HR. https://www.cupahr.org

Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2020). Effective teacher professional development. Learning Policy Institute. Retrieved from https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/sites/default/files/product-files/Effective_Teacher_Professional_Development_REPORT.pdf

Daroy, J. R., & Gomez, M. A. (2025). Self-efficacy and job satisfaction as predictors of teacher performance in higher education institutions. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 11(5), 1–6. https://eprajournals.com/pdf/fm/jpanel/upload/2025/May/202505-01-021623

Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500

Green, T. L., & Celkan, G. (2023). Organizational justice and faculty retention in private universities. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 45(2), 123–140.

Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. B. (1959). The motivation to work. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.9.13

Hom, P. W., Lee, T. W., Shaw, J. D., & Hausknecht, J. P. (2017). One hundred years of employee turnover theory and research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 530–545. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000103

Ingersoll, R. M. (2001). Teacher turnover and teacher shortages: An organizational analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 38(3), 499–534. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312038003499

Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. K. (2015). Likert scale: Explored and explained. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 7(4), 396–403. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2015/14975

Kim, L. E., & Cho, J. (2022). School climate and teacher retention: A longitudinal study of early-career educators. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 50(4), 567–584.

Li, L., Kanchanapoom, K., Deeprasert, J., Duan, N., & Zhou, Q. (2025). Unveiling the factors shaping teacher job performance: Exploring the interplay of personality traits, perceived organizational support, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction. BMC Psychology, 13, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-02324-1

Liu, C., Jinbei, L., Arshad, M. A., & Qilin, M. (2024). Perceived organisational support, value recognition & job support enhance commitment and performance, reducing turnover. Journal of Economics, Environment and Resources. https://drpress.org/ojs/index.php/jeer/article/view/25840

Malinao, C. W. M., & Agustin, J. G. (2023). Competitive strategies, satisfaction, and leader-relationship as primary retention drivers in a Philippine private HEI. Puissant Journal. https://puissant.stepacademic.net/puissant/article/view/137

Martínez, M. N., Anees, S. S. T., Martins, J. M., Haider, S. A., Jabeen, S., Correia, A. B., & Rita, J. X. (2021). Non-monetary factors (career advancement, recognition) improve retention via motivation mediation. JAMP. https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jamp/article/view/84653

McNamara, C. (2016). Retention strategies: Fostering employee engagement and satisfaction. Authenticity Consulting. https://managementhelp.org

Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z

Mitchell, T. R., Holtom, B. C., Lee, T. W., Sablynski, C. J., & Erez, M. (2001). Why people stay: Using job embeddedness to predict voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 44(6), 1102–1121. https://doi.org/10.5465/3069391

Nguyen, T. D., & Springer, M. G. (2020). A conceptual framework for teacher retention: A human capital perspective. Teachers College Record, 122(6), 1–36.

Noe, R. A. (2023). Employee training and development (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/Employee_Training_and_Development.html?id=AGzXzgEACAAJ&redir_esc=y

Pearson, L. C., & Moomaw, W. (2020). Teacher autonomy and job satisfaction: A study of the impact on retention. Educational Research Quarterly, 43(2), 22–39. Retrieved from https://www.nfer.ac.uk/media/r1ubcb4s/teacher_autonomy_how_does_it_relate_to_job_satisfaction_and_retention.pdf

Pillazar, A. J. M., Cortez, B. A., De Guzman, R. L., Mendoza, S. M. M., & Mangarin, J. A. (2024). Recognition & incentives as effective faculty-retention strategies: Philippine case. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology. https://www.ijset.org/index.php/ijset/article/view/516

Richter, D., Lucksnat, C., Redding, C., & Richter, E. M. (2022). Retention intentions of alternatively certified teachers: The role of organizational socialization and perceived school support. Journal of Educational Psychology, 114(4), 765–781. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2022-55670-001

Ronfeldt, M., Farmer, S. O., McQueen, K., & Grissom, J. A. (2020). Teacher collaboration and student achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Researcher, 49(3), 195–210.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860

Sarason, I.G., Levine, H.M., Basham, R.B., et al. (1983). Assessing social support: The Social Support Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 127 139. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.127

Shuck, B., & Rose, M. A. (2013). Employee engagement and HRD: A seminal review of the foundations. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 15(3), 327–345. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422313500803

Shuls, J. V., & Flores, J. M. (2021). Improving teacher retention through support and development. AİBÜ Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 45–60. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1282763.pdf

Sims, S., & Jerrim, J. (2020). Teacher workload and retention: Evidence from England. Economics of Education Review, 77, 101999.

Singh, J., Caballero, R. T., & Tamundong, J. J. (2024). Perceived organisational support & employee engagement boost job satisfaction: Psychological-contract moderation. EELET Journal. https://www.eelet.org.uk/index.php/journal/article/view/1856

Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2018). Job demands and job resources as predictors of teacher motivation and well-being. Social Psychology of Education, 21(5), 1251–1275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-018-9464-8

Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2020). Teacher burnout and relationships with school context, feeling of belonging, and emotional support. Teaching and Teacher Education, 87, 102935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102935

Steil, A. V., Bello, J. D. S. A., Cuffa, D. D., & Freitas, A. F. D. (2022). Job satisfaction and employee retention by public and private it organizations. Revista de Administração da UFSM, 15(2), 354-369. https://doi.org/10.5902/1983465968850

Terry, A. (2017). Leadership and organizational behavior in educational settings. SAGE Publications.

Tehseen, S. (2025). Factors Influencing Teachers’ Performance and Retention. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. Vol 6 No 1. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n1p233

Thoits, P. A. (2011). Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(2), 145–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510395592

Trower, C. A. (2021). Success on the tenure track: Five keys to faculty job satisfaction. Johns Hopkins University Press. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287259860_Success_on_the_tenure_track_Five_keys_to_faculty_job_satisfaction

Zeng, B., Hassan, N. C., & Omar, M. K. (2025). Social-support impact on burnout among lecturers: Systematic review. Behavioral Sciences, 14(8), 727. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/14/8/727

Zhou, Q., Wang, X., & Song, H. (2023). Organizational culture, leadership, and work stress as determinants of teacher retention: Chinese private university case. NMRJ. https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/nmrj/article/view/253846

Zhou, Y., & Volkwein, J. F. (2020). Determinants of faculty job satisfaction and career intentions in private universities. Research in Higher Education, 61(2), 123–145.

Descàrregues

Publicat

2026-04-04

Número

Secció

Articles