PROSPECTING FOR LEARNING OUTCOMES IN MOROCCAN HIGHER EDUCATION: REALITY AND PERSPECTIVES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v12i12.6427Paraules clau:
reform, CNPN, competences, learning process, learning outcomesResum
Higher education is in a perpetual state of evolution, and its objectives include skills training, which is achieved through teaching activities that put into practice an up-to-date learning process. To this end, the education system that drives this objective is structured on the basis of a modeling option and mechanisms for which the new CNPN constitutes an optimization and orientation frame of reference. This regulatory framework introduces innovations in pedagogical design and educational practice, as part of a reform perspective. This exploratory article examines the learning process and associated teaching activities in the context of this option, focusing on learning outcomes as an established educational principle that fosters dynamism in the learning process. A review of the paradigm ensures the implementation of this principle, though it appears that the criteria for its implementation are not yet fully accepted within the Moroccan education system. However, the ongoing reform offers an optimal and promising framework for adapting an educational model that aligns with this principle. This review methodically examines various sources of information to assess the context of higher education and the potential associated with the implementation of this learning outcomes principle, particularly in terms of the educational strategy adopted.
Article visualizations:
Referències
Adam, S. (2004, July 1-2). Using learning outcomes: A consideration of the nature, role, application, and implications for European education of employing learning outcomes at the local, national, and international levels. Paper presented at the UK Bologna Conference, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh. https://www.hrk-nexus.de/fileadmin/redaktion/hrk-nexus/07-Downloads/07-03-Material/Using_Learning_Outcomes_Stephen_Adam_2004.pdf
Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives. Addison Wesley Longman. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/A_Taxonomy_for_Learning_Teaching_and_Ass.html?id=EMQlAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y
Biggs, J., & Tang, C. (2011). Teaching for quality learning at university: What the student does (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/Teaching_for_Quality_Learning_at_Univers.html?id=2gomMAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y
Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectivities: The classification of educational goals. Handbook I: Cognitive domain. New York: David McKay Company, Inc. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/Taxonomy_of_Educational_Objectives.html?id=VhScAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y
Caspersen, J., Frolich, N., & Muller, J. (2017). Higher education learning outcomes – Ambiguity and change in higher education. European Journal of Education 52(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12208
CEDEFOP. (2022). Defining, writing and applying learning outcomes: A European handbook (2nd ed.). Publications Office of the European Union. Retrieved from http://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2801/70307
Coles, M. (2006). A review of international and national developments in the use of qualification frameworks. Working Paper – Knowledge Sharing Series. Retrieved from http://www.etf.europa.eu/pubmgmt.nsf/(getAttachment)/4B4A9080175821D1C12571540054B4AF/$File/SCAO6NYL38.pdf
Commission Européenne (2009). Guide d’utilisation ECTS – DG Education et Culture. Publication Office of the European Union.
CSEFRS. (2018). L’enseignement supérieur au Maroc: Efficacité, efficience et défis du système universitaire à accès ouvert. Retrieved from https://books.google.ro/books/about/L_enseignement_sup%C3%A9rieur_au_Maroc.html?id=ka0hxQEACAAJ&redir_esc=y
CSEFRS. (2019). Réforme de l’enseignement supérieur: Perspectives stratégiques. Rapport n°5/2019.
Deschanet, E., Distler, F., & Rasolofo-Distler, F. (2022). Reconnaissance des compétences : Savoirs, savoir-faire et savoir-être de l’étudiant. Projectics / Proyéctica / Projectique, 33(3), 91-110. Retrieved from https://shs.cairn.info/revue-projectique-2022-3-page-91
ECTS Users’ Guide. (2015). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2766/87192
Ghaicha, A. (2018). Moroccan higher education system: Reality and prospects. Higher Education of Social Science, 14(1), 10-17. https://doi.org/10.3968/10201
Gonzalez, J., & Wagenaar, R. (2005). Tuning: Universities’ contribution to the Bologna process. Publicaciones de la Universidad de Deusto. Retrieved from https://tuningacademy.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Universities-Contribution_EN.pdf
Harden, R. M. (2002). Learning outcomes and instructional objectives: Is there a difference? Medical Teacher, 24(2), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159022020687
Havnes, A., & Prøitz, T. S. (2016). Why use learning outcomes in higher education? Exploring the grounds for academic resistance and reclaiming the value of unexpected learning. Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability, 28(3), 205-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-016-9243-z
Idelcadi, S.; Rguibi, S. & Bouziane, A. (2020). System change through teacher leadership: possibilities. In Elmaouhal & al. Editors. Issues in Education Quality: Teaching. V1. Ibn Zohr University. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356617543_System_change_through_teacher_leadership_Possibilities_and_constraints
Kennedy, D. Hyland A. & Ryan N. (2007). Writing and Using Learning Outcomes: A Practical Guide. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238495834
Kouhlani B & Benchekroun M. N. (2021). La flexibilisation de l’enseignement supérieur au Maroc : analyse du présent et réflexions pour l’avenir. (IIPE-UNESCO « L’ODD4 »). Retrieved from https://www.cnrst.ma/images/CNRST/PDF/PAF_MAROC_Septembre2021.pdf
Kouhlani, B. (2009). la Réforme de l’Enseignement Supérieur Marocain et le Processus de Bologne. Retrieved from https://www.ehea.info/media.ehea.info/file/ 2009_Leuven_Louvain-la Neuve/20/1/ Bologna_Policy_ Forum_intervention_ Morocco_595201.pdf
Lokhoff, J., Wegewijs; B., Durkin, K.; Wagenaar, R.; González, J.; Katherine, A.; Donà, L & Gobbi, M. (2010). Tuning : Guide de formulation des profils de formation, dont les compétences et les résultats d’apprentissage des programmes. Publications de l’Université de Deusto. Bilbao. https://tuningacademy.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/A-Guide-to-Formulating-DPP_FR.pdf
Descàrregues
Publicat
Número
Secció
Llicència
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).


