DEVELOPMENT OF THE PSYCHOSOCIAL EFFECTS OF PANDEMIC SCALE (PEPS)

Authors

  • Demirali Yaşar Ergin Trakya University, Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences (retired), Edirne, Turkey orcid.org/0000-0002-1670-4083

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v8i3.3634

Keywords:

Covid-19, 2019-nCoV, epidemic, pandemic, coronavirus, developing scale

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop a scale to determine the psychosocial effects of pandemic outbreaks such as covid-19. The study was conducted with 1546 (EFA) and 909 (CFA) participants. Internet-based method was used to collect data. “Psychosocial Effects of Pandemic Scale (PEPS)”, prepared by the researcher, has been used as a means of data collection. The scale consists of 7 subscales and 30 Likert style items. Study 1: Varimax rotated EFA was used as scale development statistics to ascertain sub-dimensions. Item-total correlation coefficient and item-remainder correlation coefficient, Cronbach and Rulon coefficient were calculated to determine the reliability. Study 2: After the scale was structured with EFA and item analysis, the construct validity was tested with CFA. CFI and RMSEA fit indices were used to test the CFA model's suitability. Considering these criteria, CFA models were created for scale. The scale was found to be valid, reliable and available as a result of statistical procedures.

Article visualizations:

Hit counter

Author Biography

  • Demirali Yaşar Ergin, Trakya University, Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences (retired), Edirne, Turkey orcid.org/0000-0002-1670-4083
    Demirali Yaşar Ergin is a retired associate professor from Trakya University (Edirne- Turkey), Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Measurement and Evaluation. His areas of interest are research methodology, statistics and scale development.

References

Alyami, M., Henning, M., Krägeloh, C.U. et al. (2020). Psychometric Evaluation of the Arabic Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Int J Ment Health Addiction (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00316-x

Arafat, S. M. Y., Kar, S. K., Marthoenis, M., Sharma, P., Hoque Apu, E., & Kabir, R. (2020a). Psychological underpinning of panic buying during pandemic (COVID-19). Psychiatry Research, 289, e103061.

Arafat, S. M. Y., Kar, S. K. & Kabir, R. (2020b). Possible Controlling Measures of Panic Buying During COVID-19. Int J Ment Health Addiction (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00320-1

Bhuiyan, A. K. M. I., Sakib, N., Pakpour, A. H. et al. (2020). COVID-19-Related Suicides in Bangladesh Due to Lockdown and Economic Factors: Case Study Evidence from Media Reports. Int J Ment Health Addiction (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00307-y

Brooks, S. K.; Webster, R. K.; Smith, L. E.; Woodland, L.; Wessely, S.; Greenberg, N.; Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 2020; 395: 912–20. Published Online February 26, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8

Cava, Maureen A.; Fay, Krissa E.; Beanlands, Heather J. et al. (2020). The Experience of Quarantine for Individuals Affected by SARS in Toronto. Public Health Nursing Vol. 22 No. 5, September 2005, pp. 398—406 0737-1209/05 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0737-1209.2005.220504.x

Demirbilek, Yasemin; Pehlivantürk, Gülen; Özgüler, Zeynep Özge; Alp Meşe, Emine (2020). COVID-19 outbreak control, example of ministry of health of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences Turk J Med Sci (2020) 50: 489-494 doi:10.3906/sag-2004-187

Desclaux, Alice; Badji, Dioumel; Ndione, Albert Gautier; Sow, Khoudia (2017). Accepted monitoring or endured quarantine? Ebola contacts' perceptions in Senegal. Social Science & Medicine. Volume 178, April 2017, Pages 38-45

Gritsenko, V., Skugarevsky, O., Konstantinov, V. et al. (2020). COVID 19 Fear, Stress, Anxiety, and Substance Use Among Russian and Belarusian University Students. Int J Ment Health Addiction (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00330-z

Güner, Rahmet; Hasanoğlu, İmran; Aktaş, Firdevs (2020). COVID-19: Prevention and control measures in community. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences Turk J Med Sci (2020) 50: 571-577. doi:10.3906/sag-2004-146 (2020) 50: 571-577 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/ medical/

Jeong, Hyunsuk; Yim, Hyeon Woo; Song, Yeong-Jun; et al. (2016). Mental health status of people isolated due to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Epidemiology and Health. Nov 2016 Volume: 38, https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016048

Kline, T. (2005). Psychological Testing: A Practical Approach to Design and Evaluation. California: Sage Publications Ltd.

Knipe, D.; Evans, H.; Marchant, A.; Gunnell, D.; John, A. (2020). Mapping population mental health concerns related to COVID-19 and the consequences of physical distancing: a Google trends analysis. Welcome Open Research, 5, 82–92. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15870.1.

Ling, Gabriel Hoh Teck and Ho, Christina Mee Chyong (2020). Effects of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic on Social Behaviours: From a Social Dilemma Perspective. Technium Social Sciences Journal Vol. 7, 312-320, May 2020 ISSN: 2668-7798 www.techniumscience.com

MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1, 130–149.

Mattioli, Anna Vittoria; Puviani, Matteo Ballerini; Nasi, Milena; Farinetti, Alberto. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic: the effects of quarantine on cardiovascular risk. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. May 2020 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-020-0646-z

Munthali, George N. Chidimbah and Xuelian, Wu. (2020). COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on Least Developing Economies in Africa-a case of Malawi Economy. Technium Social Sciences Journal Vol. 7, 295-301, May 2020 ISSN: 2668-7798 www.techniumscience.com

Nussbaumer-Streit B., Mayr V., Dobrescu A. I., Chapman A., et al. (2020). Quarantine alone or in combination with other public health measures to control COVID-19: a rapid review. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD013574. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013574.

Özer, Mahmut (2020). Educational Policy Actions by the Ministry of National Education in the times of COVID-19. Kastamonu Education Journal, 2020, Vol. 28, No:3, 1124-1129 doi: 10.24106/kefdergi.722280

Sorokin, M. Y., Kasyanov, E. D., Rukavishnikov, G. V., Makarevich, O. V., Neznanov, N. G., Lutova, N. B., & Mazo, G. E. (2020). Structure of anxiety associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in the Russian-speaking sample: results from on-line survey. medRxiv. Retrieved from. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.28.20074302.

Wang, Guanghai; Zhang, Yunting; Zhao, Jin et al. (2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet. Published Online March 2, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30520-1

Wilder-Smith, A. and Freedman, D.O. (2020). Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Journal of Travel Medicine, 2020, 1–4 doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa020

Wu, Ping; Fang, Yunyun; Guan, Zhiqiang et al. (2009). The Psychological Impact of the SARS Epidemic on Hospital Employees in China: Exposure, Risk Perception, and Altruistic Acceptance of Risk. La Revue Canadienne de psychiatrie, vol 54, no 5, mai 2009.

Downloads

Published

2021-03-20

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 3 (2021)

Section

Articles

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).