THE EFFECTS OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PROCESS: HEALTH STATUS OF YOUNG PEOPLE WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

Authors

  • Ebubekir Aksay Gelisim University, School of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Exercise and Sport in Disability, Istanbul, Turkey and Germany TV Eberbach e.V., Department of Health, Rehabilitation and Disability Sport, Eberbach, Germany

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v10i2.4649

Keywords:

autism spectrum disorder, COVID-19, physical activity, screen-time, sleep-time, consumption of foods

Abstract

It is believed that the COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected people worldwide, can negatively affect the health of young people diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study aims to investigate the changes in physical activity, time spent sitting, sleeping, and in front of screens, and food habits in young people diagnosed with ASD (n=76) during the two-week COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period in Germany. The Adapted Lifestyle Questionnaire was used to measure the changes before and after the lockdown. During the lockdown period, the frequency and duration of physical activity decreased, their time spent in front of screens, daily sitting and sleep times, consumption of foods such as carbohydrates increased, and consumption of fresh fruits, and vegetables decreased.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter

Author Biography

  • Ebubekir Aksay, Gelisim University, School of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Exercise and Sport in Disability, Istanbul, Turkey and Germany TV Eberbach e.V., Department of Health, Rehabilitation and Disability Sport, Eberbach, Germany

    Ebubekir Aksay is currently a Lecturer in the Exercise and Sports for Disabled at Gelisim Ünivesity Istanbul and at TV Eberbach e.V. / Germany Department of Health, Rehabilitation and Disability Sport. His research interests include: Health, Rehabilitation and Disability Sport.

References

American Psychological Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5, 5 ed. Arlington, Virg, APA.

Aksay, E. (2022a). Kara ve Su Aktivitelerinin Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Bireylerin Fiziksel Uygunluk ve Epileptik Nöbetlerine Etkileri: Deneysel Çalışma, Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci.14, 1. https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2021-87638

Aksay, E. (2022b). Comparing the gross motor performance levels of 7–10 age group children with autism spectrum disorder and typical developing. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 26(1):55–66.

https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2022.0104

Aksay, E. (2021a). Eğitmen ve Aile Destekli Uyarlanmış Fiziksel Aktivitelerin Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Gençlerin Fiziksel Uygunluk Düzeylerine Etkileri: Deneysel Çalışma. Türkiye Klinikleri Spor BIlimleri Dergisi, 13(3),416-24. https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2021-83608

Aksay, E. (2021b). Live online exercise programs during the Covid-19 pandemic – are they useful for elderly adults? Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21 (4), 1650-1658.

Aksay, E., & Alp, A. (2014). The effects of a physical activity rehabilitation program on the motor skills and physical performance of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Movement therapy and ASD. International Journal of Academic Research, 6(1), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2014/6-1/B.2

Andrieieva, O., Blystiv, T., Byshevets, N., Moseychuk, Y., Balatska, L., Liasota, T., Brazhanyuk, A., Bohdanyuk, A (2022). Assessment of the impact of outdoor activities at leisure facilities on the physical activity of 15-year-old schoolchildren during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 22(8) 1839 – 1847. http://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2022.08231

Autism Society of America (ASA) (2014). https://www.autism-society.org/

Bhat, A. N., Landa, R. J., & Galloway, J. C. (2011), Current perspectives on motor functioning in infants, children, and adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of the American Physical Therapy Association, 91, 1-14.

Booth, M. L., Owen, N., Bauman, A. E. & Gore, C. J. (1996). Retest reliability of recall measures of leisure-time physical activity in Australian adults. International Journal of Epidemiology, 25 (1),153-159.

Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin G. J. (2020) The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 395(10227): 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8

Chen, P., Mau, L., Nassis, G. P., Harmer, P., Ainsworth, B. E & Li, F. (2020). Returning Chinese school-aged children and adolescents to physical activity in the wake of COVID-19: actions and precautions. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 9(4), 322-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.04.003

Curtin, C., Anderson, S. E., Must, A., & Bandini, L. (2010). The prevalence of obesity in children with autism: A secondary data analysis using nationally representative data from the National Survey of Children’s Health. BMC Pediatrics, 10, 2–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/11471-2431-10-11

Esentürk, O. K. (2020). Parents’ perceptions on physical activity for their children with autism spectrum disorders during the novel Coronavirus outbreak. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 1-12.

https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2020.1769333

Garcia, J. M., Leahy, N., Rivera, P., Renziehausen, J., Samuels, J., Fukuda, D. H., & Stout, J. R. (2020). Brief Report: Preliminary Efficacy of a Judo Program to Promote Participation in Physical Activity in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(4), 1418-1424.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04338-w

Garcia, J. M., Lawrence, S., Brazendale, K., Leahy, N., & Fukuda, D. (2021). Brief report: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health behaviors in adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Disability and Health Journal, 14(2),1-5

George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Pearson, Boston.

Golubic, R., & May, A. M. (2014). Validity of electronically administered Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire (RPAQ) in ten European countries. PLoS One, 9(3):e92829. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092829

Hiremath, P., Kowshik, S. C. S., Manjunath, M., & Shettar, M. (2020). COVID-19: impact of lockdown on mental health and tips to overcome. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 50:102088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102088

Guan, H., Okely, A. D., Aguilar-Farias, N., Del Pozo Cruz, B., Draper, C. E., El Hamdouchi, A., …& Veldman S. L. C. (2020). Promoting healthy movement behaviours among children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 4(6):416-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30131-0.

Jordan, S., Krug, S., Manz, K., Moosburger, R., Schienkiewitz, A., Starker, A., ... & Loss, J. (2020). Gesundheitsverhalten und COVID-19: Erste Erkenntnisse zur Pandemie Journal of Health Monitoring, 5(S8). [https://doi.org/10.25646/7054

Kim, S., & Kang, V. (2020). iPad® Video Prompting to Teach Cooking Tasks to Korean American Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 43(3),131-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/2165143420908286

Lang, R., Koegel, L. K., Ashbaugh, K., Regester, A., Ence, W., & Smith, W. (2010). Physical Exercise and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A systematic review. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4, 565–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd. 2010.01.006

Lee, J., & Vargo, K. K. (2017). Physical activity into socialization: A movement-based social skills program for children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance. 88(4), 7-13.

https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2016.1270788

Li, M. Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X.,, Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Ren, … & Feng, Z. (2020) Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia. New England Journal of Medicine, 26,382(13):1199-1207. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316

Liu, T, Kaarengala, V. & Litchke, L.G. (2020). Motor competence and social function in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19(1) 521-526 https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2019.01076

Maenner, M. J., Shaw, K. A., Baio, J., Washington, A., DiRienzo, M., Christensen D. L., …& Dietz, P. M. (2020 March 27). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years e autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2016. Surveillance Summaries, 69(SS-4):1-12. Retrieved January 7, 2020, from

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/ss/ss6904a1.htm

Mattioli, A. V., Sciomer, S., Cocchi, C., Maffei, S., & Gallina, S. (2020). Quarantine during COVID-19 outbreak: Changes in diet and physical activity increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Nutrition, Metabolism& Cardiovascular Diseases, 30(9), 1409–1417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.020

Mensink, G. B. M., & Burger, M. (2004). Was isst du?. Bundesgesundheitsbl - Gesundheitsforsch - Gesundheitsschutz 47, 219–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-003-0794-z

Moore, S.A., Faulkner, G, Rhodes, R. E., Brussoni, M., Chulak-Bozzer, T., Ferguson, L. J., … & Tremblay, M. S. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 virus outbreak on movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth: a national survey. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17, 85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00987-8

Shurack, R. H., (2020 January 12). "Evaluation of Remote-Based Learning of a Nutrition Program for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A COVID-19 Pilot Study". Honors Undergraduate Theses. 866. Retrieved January 02, 2022, from https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1920&context=honorstheses

Sowa, M., & Meulenbroek, R. (2012). Effects of physical exercise on autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6, 46–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.09.001

Šišková, N, Grznárová, T, Baranová, P, Vanderka, M (2020). Effect of theTGMD-2-based physical activity on the motor skills of healthy children and children with autism spectrum disorder at an earlier school age. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20 (5) 2574-2579. http://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.05351

Srinivasan, S. M., Pescatello, L. S., & Bhat, A. N. (2014). Current perspectives on physical activity and exercise recommendations for children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Physical Therapy, 201(94), 875-889.

https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130157

Tan, B. W. Z., & Pooley, J. A. (2016). A meta-analytic review of the efficacy of physical exercise interventions on cognition in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and ADHD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46, 3126–3143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2854-x

Tarver, J., Pearson, E., Edwards, G., Shirazi, A., Potter, L., Malhi, P., & Waite, J. (2021). Anxiety in autistic individuals who speak few or no words: A qualitative study of parental experience and anxiety management. Autism. 25(2), 429-439. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361320962366

Wabitsch, M., & Kunze, D. (2015) (federführend für die AGA). Konsensbasierte (S2) Leitlinie zur Diagnostik, Therapie und Prävention von Übergewicht und Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Hg. v. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter (AGA). Version 15.10.2015. https://www.maria-rudack.de/userfiles/downloads/pdf/AGA_S2_Leitlinie.pdf

Wachob, D., & Lorenzi, D. G. (2015). Brief report: influence of physical activity on sleep quality in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45, 2641e2646.

World Health Organization (WHO) (2020 March 28). Responding to com- munity spread of COVID-19: interim guidance. Retrieved March 7, 2021, from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331421

Yarımkaya, E., & Esentürk, O. (2020). Promoting physical activity for children with autism spectrum disorders during Coronavirus outbreak: benefits, strategies, and examples. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2020.1756115

Yarımkaya, E., & İlhan, E. L. (2020). The Effect of Peer-Mediated Physical Activities on Communication Deficit of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(2), 233-245

Downloads

Published

2023-01-26

Issue

Section

Articles