TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP OF POLICE COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND SERVICE ENGAGEMENT OF NON-COMMISSIONED PERSONNEL: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PERSONAL ETHICS

Authors

  • Mechelle C. Gempesao Master of Science in Criminal Justice, Professional School, University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines
  • Nestor C. Nabe Assistant Dean, PhD, College of Criminal Justice Education, University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines
  • Carmelita B. Chavez Dean, PhD, College of Criminal Justice Education, University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines
  • Roberto R. Magbojos Program Head, PhD, College of Criminal Justice Education, University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v10i7.4882

Keywords:

criminal justice, transformational leadership, commissioned officer, service engagement personal ethics, Philippines

Abstract

The purpose of this research study is to determine the service engagement of police personnel as a function of the transformation leadership of commissioned officers and mediated by their personal ethics. The researcher surveyed 348 Police Officers, selected using a stratified technique. Data were gathered using standardized, adapted instruments. Data were analyzed and interpreted using Mean, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Medgraph using Sobel z-test, and Path-analysis. The study findings revealed as follow: the personal ethics of police personnel, transformational leadership of commissioned officers and service engagement of police personnel obtained a very high level. A significant correlation between the transformational leadership of commissioned officers and the service engagement of police personnel was observed. There is also a significant correlation between the transformational leadership of commissioned officers and the personal ethics of police officers; and, as well as the personal ethics and service engagement of police personnel. The test of mediation revealed that personal ethics partial mediates the relationship between transformational leadership of police commissioned officers and service engagement of personnel: the mediating role of personal ethics.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter

Author Biographies

  • Mechelle C. Gempesao, Master of Science in Criminal Justice, Professional School, University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines

    Professor Mechelle C. Gempesao is an accomplished criminologist with extensive experience in the field of criminal justice. She holds a Master’s in Criminal Justice Education and has dedicated her career to studying and understanding various aspects of crime and its implications for society. Professor Gempesao work encompasses both theoretical and applied research, making her a valuable contributor to the field. As a faculty member at the renowned University of Mindanao, Professor Gempesao actively engages in teaching and mentoring students pursuing criminology degrees. Her dedication to education and passion for fostering the next generation of criminologists is evident in her involvement in the university's Criminology Program. She plays a key role in developing the curriculum, designing innovative courses, and providing hands-on guidance to students in their research projects. Professor Gempesao’s research interests revolve around the intersection of criminal justice and social inequalities. Her groundbreaking studies delve into the disproportionate representation of marginalized communities within the criminal justice system and explore the factors that contribute to such disparities. She also examines the effectiveness of alternative rehabilitation programs in reducing recidivism rates and promoting successful reintegration into society. In addition to her academic pursuits, Professor Gempesao is an active member of several prestigious professional organizations in the field of criminology. She is a fellow of the Philippine Criminologist Association of the Philippines (PCAP) and serves on the committee of for the Competency Appraisal Course (CAC). These affiliations not only demonstrate her commitment to advancing the field but also provide her with invaluable networking opportunities and collaborative partnerships with fellow experts.

  • Nestor C. Nabe, Assistant Dean, PhD, College of Criminal Justice Education, University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines

    Dr. Nestor C. Nabe, CSP, CST, is commissioned in the Reserve Force, Philippine Army with a rank of Major and currently the S1 of the 2202nd Ready Reserved Brigade under the Regional Community Defense Group Xl. He is a graduate of Bachelor of Science in Criminology from the University of Baguio, Master of Science in Criminology from Cagayan de Oro College and Doctor of Philosophy in Criminology from the Philippine College of Criminology. Currently, he is a full-time faculty and the Assistant Dean of the College of Criminal Justice Education, and the Program Coordinator for Master of Science in Criminal Justice and Doctor of Philosophy in Criminology programs of the Professional Schools, University of Mindanao. He authored and co-authored several researches which were presented in local and international research fora. Some of these researches were published in international refereed journals like the IAMURE International Journal of Social Sciences and the International Journal of Economics, Finance, and Management. He is a member of the following professional organizations: Professional Criminologist Association of the Philippines, Professional Educators Association for Criminology Education, and the Philippine Society of Criminologists and Criminal Justice Practitioners. He also serves as a member of the Advisory Board for Regional Security Training Schools Xl. Formerly. he served as a member of the CHED RO XII Regional Quality Assessment Team.

  • Carmelita B. Chavez, Dean, PhD, College of Criminal Justice Education, University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines

    Carmelita Beit-Chavez, PhD, CSP, CST is the current Dean of the College of Criminal Justice Education of the University of Mindanao, Davao City and serves as IQUAME ZONAL Assessor of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Central Office and RQAT member of CHED Region XI. She is at present the Regional Director of the Professional Criminologists Association of the Philippines - Region XI Chapter. Moreover, she is also the Vice President for Mindanao of the Philippine Society of Criminologists and Criminal Justice Professionals (PSCCJP). Dean Chavez has earned the following degrees: Bachelor of Science in Criminology from the Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges, General Santos City, Master and Doctorate Degrees in Criminology from the Philippine College of Criminology, Manila.

  • Roberto R. Magbojos, Program Head, PhD, College of Criminal Justice Education, University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines

    Roberto R. Magbojos, PhD, CSP, CST is at present a College Professor 1 of the University of Mindanao, where he teaches professional subjects and serves as a Review Lecturer for the Licensure Examination for Criminologist in the same university. Dr. Magbojos holds the following degrees: Bachelor of Science in Criminology, Bachelor of Laws, MS Criminology and PhD in Criminology. He is currently the Sergeant-at-Arms of the Professional Criminologists Association of the Philippines (PCAP) and a member of Philippine Educators Association for Criminology Education (PEACE).

References

Aluwi, A. H., Omar, M. K., & Johari, M. Z. (2020). The impact of transformational leadership and ethical climate towards employee engagement among employees of a Malaysian public agency. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 21(2), 2289-1560

Ancarani, A., Di Mauro, C., Giammanco, M. D., & Giammanco, G. (2017). Work engagement in public hospitals: a social exchange approach. Public Administration, 23(1):1–19.

Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(1), 308–323. doi:10.1108/IJPPM-01-2013-0008

Bakker, A. B. & Albrecht, S. L. (2018). Work engagement: current trends. Career Development International, 23(1), 4–11.

Bakker, A. B. & Leiter, M. P. (2010). Work engagement: Introduction. In A. B. Bakker (Ed.) & M. P. Leiter, Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 1–9). Psychology Press.

Balwant, P. T. (2017). Stay close! leader distance, transformational leadership, engagement, and performance in teams. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2017(1), 10785.

Balwant, P., Mohammed, R., & Singh, R. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee engagement in Trinidad’s service sector: The role of job resources. International Journal of Emerging Markets. Ahead of Print.

Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Li, N. (2013). The theory of purposeful work behavior: the role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics. The Academy of Management Review, 38(1), 132–153.

Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.

Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass and Stogdill`s handbook of leadership: Theory, research and managerial applications (3 ed.). New York: The Free Press.

Berkovich, I. and Eyal, O. (2019). Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and moral reasoning. Leadership and moral reasoning, 1(1), 1-43.

Boretti, J. (2003). Ethics questionnaire. Boretti, Inc. Integrated Safety Solutions

Calmorin, L. P., & Calmorin, M. A. (2007). Research methods and thesis writing. Manila: Rex Book Store.

Christensen, B. & Johnson, L. (2012). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications.

Gelderman, C., Semeijn, J., & Bruijn, A. (2015). Dynamics of service definitions: An explorative case study of the purchasing process of professional ICT-services. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 21, 1-8.

Gozukara, I. & Simsek, O.F. (2015). Linking transformational leadership to work engagement and the mediator effect of job autonomy: a study in a Turkish private non-profit university. World Conference on Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 195(1), 963 – 971.

Hackman, M. Z., & Johnson, C. (2018). Leadership: A communication perspective, (7th Edition). Long Grove, Ill: Waveland Press Inc.

Haller DK, Fischer P and Frey D (2018). The Power of Good: A Leader's Personal Power as a Mediator of the Ethical Leadership-Follower Outcomes Link. Front. Psychol. 9:1094. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01094

Hartzell, S. (2021). The transformational leader. https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-transformational-leader.html.

Hashagen S. (2002). Models of community engagement. Glasgow: Scottish Community Development Centre.

Hughes, T. A. (2014). Idealized, inspirational, and intellectual leaders in the social sector: transformational leadership and the Kravis Prize. CMC Senior Theses. Paper 906. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/906

Jojo, A. (2016). Occupational stress and intrinsic motivation as determinants of job engagement in the South African police service in Greater Kokstad Municipality. University of Port Hare

Kim, W., Khan, G.F., Wood, J., Mahmood, M.T. (2016). Employee engagement for sustainable organizations: keyword analysis using social network analysis and burst detection approach. Sustainability, 8(1), 631.

Khan, I. U., Amin, R. U. & Saif, N. (2022). Individualized consideration and idealized influence of transformational leadership: Mediating role of inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation. International Journal of Leadership in Education

Kumar, V., & Pansari, A. (2016). Competitive advantage through engagement. Journal of Marketing Research, 53, 497-514. doi:10.1509/jmr.15.0044

Lai, F.-Y., Tang, H.-C., Lu, S.-C., Lee, Y.-C., & Lin, C.-C. (2020). Transformational leadership and job performance: The mediating role of work engagement. Sage Journals. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244019899085

McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 5(4).

Mendoza, R.; Ilac, E. J.; Francisco, A.T. & Casilao, J. M. (2020). Diagnosing factors behind officers’ performance in the Philippine National Police. Pages 1408-1424 | Received 14 Feb 2020, Accepted 04 Jul 2020, Published online: 26 Jul 2020

Miles, J. & Shevlin, M. (2001). Applying regression. Sage Publication.

Mousa, M. (2019). Responsible leadership, diversity and organizational commitment: A study from Egypt. International Journal of Emerging Markets.

Msanze, N. S. (2013). An Assessment on the Impacts of Employees Ethical Conducts to Organization Performance. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/33425257.pdf

Myhill, A. (2012). Community engagement in policing: Lessons from the literature. National Policing Improvement Agency. https://whatworks.college.police.uk/Research/Documents/Community_engagement_lessons.pdf

Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

O’Mara-Eves, A., Brunton, G., & McDaid, D. (2013). Community engagement to reduce inequalities in health: a systematic review, meta-analysis and economic analysis. Public Health Research, No. 1.4. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library.

Qualtrics (2022). How to use stratified random sampling in 2022. https://www.qualtrics.com/experience-management/research/stratified-random-sampling/#:~:text=Stratified%20random%20sampling%20(also%20known,to%20complete%20the%20sampling%20process.

Ray, M. (2021). Transformational leadership: inspirational motivation. https://www.michelleray.com/transformational-leadership-inspirational-motivation/

Saks, A. M. (2019). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement revisited. Journal of Organ Eff. 6(1), 19–38. doi:10.1108/joepp-06-2018-0034

Saks, A. M. & Gruman, J. A. (2014). What do we really know about employee engagement? Human Resource Development, 25(2), 155-182.

Sandell, K. (2012). Transformational leadership, engagement, and performance: A new perspective. Degree of Master of Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado

Sherzoi, O. (2018). Practical tools for ethical engagement in health research, part I ethical considerations in community engagement in health research. https://medium.com/knowledgenudge/practical-tools-for-ethical-engagement-in-health-research-

Shuttleworth, M. (2008). Case study research design. https://explorable.com/casestudy-research-design

Stewart, T. (2012). Classroom teacher leadership: Service-learning for teacher sense of efficacy and servant leadership development. School Leadership & Management: Formerly School Organization, 32(3), 233-259.

Stone, C. & Travis, J. (2011). Toward a new professionalism in policing. National Institute of Justice.

Stuart, G. (2013). Ethics and community engagement. https://sustainingcommunity.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/community-cafe-oatsy40.jpg

Vanderstoep, S. W. & Johnston, D. D. (2009). Research methods for everyday life blending qualitative and quantitative approaches. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.

Waggoner, J. (2010). Ethics and leadership: how personal ethics produce effective leaders. CMC Senior Theses. Paper 26. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/26

Zheng, Y., Graham, L., Epitropaki, O. & Snape, E. (2020). Service leadership, work and service performance: the moderating role of leader skills. Group and organization management., 45(1), 43-74.

Downloads

Published

2023-06-08

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 7 (2023)

Section

Articles

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).