DESIGNING A NEEDS-BASED PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR GERMAN LANGUAGE TEACHERS: EVIDENCE FROM GREECE

Authors

  • Anagnou Evaggelos Tutor, Hellenic Open University, Greece
  • Iosif Fragkoulis Professor, School of Pedagogical and Technological Education (ASPETE), Hellenic Open University, Greece
  • Maria-Anna Manana High School Headmistress, German language teacher, Med in Educational Studies, Hellenic Open University, Greece

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v12i10.6195

Keywords:

teacher professional development, German language education, educational needs

Abstract

This study explores the design of a professional development program tailored to the specific needs of German language teachers in Greece. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven in-service teachers to identify thematic priorities, preferred training models, and organizational parameters for effective professional development. The findings reveal a strong demand for training in artificial intelligence, digital tools, classroom management, differentiated instruction, and subject-specific pedagogy. Teachers express preferences for medium-duration, blended training formats and emphasize the importance of linking theory with practice. They also advocate for the involvement of universities and collaborative institutional models in program delivery. The study concludes by proposing a flexible, evidence-based framework for teacher development, grounded in international best practices and co-designed by educational stakeholders.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter

Author Biographies

  • Anagnou Evaggelos, Tutor, Hellenic Open University, Greece

    Anagnou Evaggelos is tutor in the Hellenic Open University, teaching adult education. He holds a Master’s Diploma and a PhD in Education Policy and Adult Education. He has worked in General Secretariat for Adult Εducation in Greece and is member of the body for the accreditation of trainers in adult education in Greece (National Accreditation Center for Continuing Vocational Training). He has published articles in Greek and international refereed scientific journals, chapters and books on adult education and taken part in several research projects on adult education and teachers’ training. He has many years of experience as researcher, trainers’ trainer, designer and evaluator of projects in the fields of adult education and teachers’ training.

  • Iosif Fragkoulis, Professor, School of Pedagogical and Technological Education (ASPETE), Hellenic Open University, Greece

    Fragkoulis Iosif is Professor in the School of Pedagogical and Technological Education. His professional field is Adult Education as a trainer, scientific coordinator, designer and assessor of programs of initial and continuing vocational training in public and private institutions of vocational training. He has been teaching “teaching methodology-practical activities” as a Lecturer (under the Law 407/80), in the Department of Primary Education in the University of Patras since 2002, as well as “Environmental Education” in the Primary Teachers’ in-service training college. Since 1999, he has been teaching in the School of Pedagogical and Technological Education the following subjects: Counseling, practical activities for teaching, methodology of educational research, and teaching methodology. Since 2003, he has been a professor-advisor at the Hellenic Open University, where he teaches the subject “Adult Education”. His professional and research interests are Lifelong Education and Training of Executives of Public Corporations and Organizations. He is certified educator of the National Accreditation Center, National Centre for Public Administration and Deconcentration, and the Lifelong Learning Institute of Public Employees. He has published scientific articles and papers in Greek and international refereed journals in relation to environmental education, adult education, active learning techniques in vocational education and training.

  • Maria-Anna Manana, High School Headmistress, German language teacher, Med in Educational Studies, Hellenic Open University, Greece

    Manana Maria Anna is a graduate of the Department of German Language and Literature of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and holds a Master's degree in Teaching German as a Foreign Language from the Hellenic Open University. She began her career in private education, where she worked from 2000–2007, and has been working in public secondary education since 2008. From 2018 to 2024, she served as deputy principal, while since 2024 she has been principal of the 3rd Gymnasium of Lamia. She has many years of teaching experience in teaching German, as well as significant administrative experience in the management of school units. She has attended numerous training seminars and programs on educational administration, differentiated teaching, the use of ICT in education and classroom management. He speaks excellent German and English and applies innovative teaching approaches, promoting a modern, participatory school environment.

References

Anagnou E, Fragkoulis I, 2014. The contribution of mentoring and action research to teachers’ professional development in the context of informal learning. Review of European Studies 6(1): 133–142. doi: 10.5539/res.v6n1p133

Avalos B, 2011. Teacher professional development in teaching and teacher education over ten years. Teaching and Teacher Education 27(1): 10–20. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2010.08.007

Bi M, Struyven K, Zhu C, 2024. Differentiated instruction in Chinese primary and secondary schools: A systematic literature review. ECNU Review of Education 7(2): 1–25. doi: 10.1177/20965311241265126

Bragg LA, Walsh C, Heyeres M, 2021. Successful design and delivery of online professional development for teachers: A systematic review of the literature. Computers & Education 166: 104158. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104158

Brandão A, Pedro L, Zagalo N, 2024. Teacher professional development for a future with generative artificial intelligence: An integrative literature review. Digital Education Review 45: 151–157. doi: 10.1344/der.2024.45.151-157

Casal Otero L, Catala A, Fernández Morante C, González Abril L, 2023. AI literacy in K–12: A systematic literature review. International Journal of STEM Education 10: Article 29. doi: 10.1186/s40594-023-00418-7

Centre for the Greek Language (CGL), 2022. Routes in teaching Greek as a second/foreign language: Online training program for teachers. Thessaloniki, Greece: Centre for the Greek Language. https://greeklanguage.gr/en/ Accessed 3 July 2025

Cohen L, Manion L, 1994. Methodology of educational research (Greek trans. Ch. Mitsopoulou & M. Filopoulou), Athens, Greece: Ekfrasi

Collie RJ, 2023. Teacher well-being and turnover intentions: Investigating the roles of job resources and job demands. British Journal of Educational Psychology 93(3): 712–726. doi: 10.1111/bjep.12587

Creswell JW, 2011. Research in education: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (Greek trans. N. Kouvarakou; ed. Ch. Tzorbatzoudis), Athens, Greece: Ion

Darling-Hammond L, Hyler ME, Gardner M, 2017. Effective teacher professional development. Learning Policy Institute. doi: 10.54300/122.311

Duan S, Bissaker K, Xu Z, 2024. Correlates of teachers’ classroom management self-efficacy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review 36: 43. doi: 10.1007/s10648-024-09881-2

Fukaya T, Nakamura D, Kitayama Y, Nakagoshi T, 2024. A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies on mathematics and science pedagogical content knowledge. Frontiers in Education 9: Article 1435758. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2024.1435758

Futterer T, Richter E, Richter D, 2024. Teachers’ engagement in online professional development—The interplay of online PD quality and teacher motivation. Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft 27: 739–768. doi: 10.1007/s11618-024-01241-8

Fylan F, 2005. Semi structured interviewing. In Miles J, Gilbert P (Eds.), A Handbook of Research Methods for Clinical and Health Psychology, New York, USA: Oxford University Press, pp 65–78

Galletta A, 2013. Mastering the Semi Structured Interview and Beyond, New York, USA: University Press

Garton S, Richards K, 2016. Professional encounters in TESOL: Discourses of teachers in teaching. Palgrave Macmillan

Guskey TR, 2002. Professional development and teacher change. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice 8(3): 381–391. doi: 10.1080/135406002100000512

Hanft BE, Rush DD, Shelden ML, 2004. Coaching families and colleagues in early childhood. Baltimore, USA: Brookes Publishing

Institute of Educational Policy (IEP), 2022. Distance teacher training programs. Athens, Greece: Institute of Educational Policy. https://www.iep.edu.gr/en/ Accessed 3 April 2025

Hogan JA, Montalbano C, Coviello J, McQueston J, Kirby M, Koo BJ, Nissley-Tsiopinis J, Jutcovich S, Lang J, 2025. Developing Inclusive Educators: Analyzing the Effectiveness of a Short-Term Technical Assistance Model for Best Practices. Education Sciences 15(5): 578. doi: 10.3390/educsci15050578

Kemmis S, McTaggart R, Nixon R, 2014. The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research, New York City, USA, Springer

Kennedy A, 2014. Models of Continuing Professional Development: A framework for analysis. Professional Development in Education 40(3): 336–351. doi: 10.1080/19415257.2014.929293

Korthagen FAJ, 2017. Inconvenient truths about teacher learning: Towards professional development 3.0. Teachers and Teaching 23(4): 387–405. doi: 10.1080/13540602.2016.1211523

Krippendorff K, 1989. Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA: Sage Publications

Mason J, 2003. Qualitative Researching (Greek trans. E. Dimitriadou; ed. N. Kyriazi). Ellinika Grammata

Mercer S, 2023. The wellbeing of language teachers in the private sector: An ecological perspective. Educational Review. doi: 10.1177/1362168820973510

Mihulka K, Adamczak-Krysztofowicz S, 2023. In-service training of foreign language teachers in Poland: Aims and objectives versus implementation. Roczniki Humanistyczne 71(10): 197–212. doi: 10.18290/rh237110.13

Ministry of Education, 2022. Ministerial Decision 102919/GD4: Definition of Pedagogical Counselor Mentor (Government Gazette B 4509)

Mulaimović N, Richter E, Lazarides R, Richter D, 2025. Comparing quality and engagement in face‐to‐face and online teacher professional development. British Journal of Educational Technology 56(1): 61–79. doi: 10.1111/bjet.13480

Nguyen PV, 2023. Collaborative peer observation of teaching: enhancing academics’ collegiality and collaboration. Reflective Practice 24(4): 524–542. doi: 10.1080/14623943.2023.2210076

OECD, 2024. Education Policy Outlook 2024: Reshaping teaching into a thriving profession from ABCs to AI, Paris: OECD Publishing. doi: 10.1787/dd5140e4-en

Olawumi KB, Mavuso MP, 2024. In-service teacher training programmes that promote education for sustainable development: A review of emerging literature. Interdisciplinary Journal of Education Research 6: 1–20. doi: 10.38140/ijer-2024.vol6.35

Richards JC, Farrell TSC, 2012. Practice teaching: A reflective approach, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press

Richter E, Richter D, 2024. Measuring the quality of teacher professional development: A large-scale validation study of an 18-item instrument for daily use. Studies in Educational Evaluation 81: 101357. doi: 10.1016/j.stueduc.2024.101357

Robson C, 2010. Real World Research (2nd ed.; Greek trans. V. P. Dalakou & K. Vasilikou), Athens, Greece: Gutenberg

Sachs J, 2016. Teacher professionalism: Why are we still talking about it? Teachers and Teaching 22(4): 413–425. doi: 10.1080/13540602.2015.1082732

Schachter RE, 2015. An Analytic Study of the Professional Development Research in Early Childhood Education. Early Education and Development 26(8): 1057–1085. doi: 10.1080/10409289.2015.1009335

Scott A, Gath ME, Gillon G, McNeill B, Ghosh D, 2024. Facilitators of success for teacher professional development in literacy teaching using a micro credential model. Education Sciences 14(6): 578. doi: 10.3390/educsci14060578

Sheridan SM, Edwards CP, Marvin CA, Knoche LL, 2009. Professional development in early childhood programs: Process issues and research needs. Early Education and Development 20(3): 377–401. doi: 10.1080/10409280802582795

Sims S, Fletcher-Wood H, 2021. Identifying the characteristics of effective teacher professional development: A critical review. School Effectiveness and School Improvement 32(1): 47–63. doi: 10.1080/09243453.2020.1772841

Snyder P, Hemmeter ML, Meeker KA, Kinder K, Pasia C, McLaughlin T, 2012. Characterizing key features of the early childhood professional development literature. Infants & Young Children 25(3): 188–212. doi: 10.1097/IYC.0b013e31825a1ebf

Stavermann K, 2024. Online teacher professional development: A research synthesis on effectiveness and evaluation. Technology, Knowledge and Learning 30: 203–240. doi: 10.1007/s10758-024-09792-9

Swaffield S, 2008. Critical friendship, dialogue and learning, in the context of Leadership for Learning. School Leadership & Management 28(4): 323–336. doi: 10.1080/13632430802292191

Unal Z, Unal A, 2023. Teacher Autonomy and Preferences in Professional Development: A Comprehensive Survey of Florida Educators. Innovare Journal of Education 11(6): 1–10. doi: 10.22159/ijoe.2023v11i6.49682

Uhlig U, 2023. A field experiment on the effects of weekly planning behaviour on work engagement, unfinished tasks, rumination, and cognitive flexibility. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 96(3): 575–598. doi: 10.1111/joop.12430

UNESCO, 2024. AI competency frameworks for students and teachers: Guidance for policymakers, Paris: UNESCO Publishing.

Downloads

Published

2025-08-11

Issue

Section

Articles