ASSESSMENT OF THE ADEQUACY OF LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS IN MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATION RESOURCES IN KENYA

Authors

  • Ian Temba Turkana University College, Kenya
  • Susan Awino Ouko Dr., Turkana University College, Kenya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v12i11.6310

Keywords:

management of educational resources, legal frameworks

Abstract

Despite the existence of legal and policy frameworks, schools face persistent challenges such as teacher shortages, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient learning resources, particularly in marginalized regions. This raises concerns about whether legal and policy frameworks effectively ensure equitable and sustainable education resource management. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of existing legal frameworks and policies governing the management of education resources in Kenya. The Resource Dependency Theory was used to guide analysis on how legal mandates influence resource distribution and management. Secondary data was collected from legal documents, government policy reports, international publications, and peer-reviewed academic literature. Findings revealed that while Kenya has established robust legal and policy frameworks, there are significant gaps in their implementation and enforcement. It recommends enhancing monitoring mechanisms to ensure equitable and efficient education resource management in Kenya.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter

Author Biographies

  • Ian Temba, Turkana University College, Kenya

    Ian Temba is an educator and researcher specializing in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. His research focuses on teacher preparedness, curriculum implementation, and innovative instructional strategies in Kenyan schools, with a particular interest in improving STEM outcomes in marginalized regions such as Turkana County. He is active on academic networks including ResearchGate and Google Scholar, where he shares his work on STEM pedagogy and education policy.

    ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2179-9619

    ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ian-Temba

  • Susan Awino Ouko, Dr., Turkana University College, Kenya

    Dr. Susan Ouko holds a PhD in Mathematics Education. She is a lecturer and researcher in Turkana University College, Kenya.

    LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/susan-ouko-225b5357/

    ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0442-8250

References

Anaduaka, U. S., & Okafor, C. F. (2013). The Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme in Nigeria: Problems and prospects. Journal of Research in National Development, 11(1). Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/works/100935558/

Cheloti, S. K. (2021). Implementing free and compulsory education policy: Assessing the role of school infrastructure in public day secondary schools in Kitui County, Kenya [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Kitui University. Retrieved from https://ijiset.com/vol8/v8s8/IJISET_V8_I08_45.pdf

Chumo, S. (2024). Effect of provision of teaching and learning resources on implementation of inclusive education in public primary schools in Nandi County, Kenya [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Nandi University. Retrieved from https://jriiejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/JRIIE-8-4-052.pdf

Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (4th ed.). Sage Publications. Retrieved from https://methods.sagepub.com/book/mono/content-analysis-4e/toc#_

Levin, B. (2010). Governments and education reform: Some lessons from the last 50 years. Journal of Education Policy, 25(6), 739–747. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2010.523793

Lubengu, K. E. (2018). Tensions in teacher management and governance of public schools under Kenya’s post-2010 legal framework [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Kakamega University. Retrieved from https://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/104571

Ministry of Education. (2018). National education sector strategic plan (NESSP) 2018–2022. Government Printer. Retrieved from https://www.globalpartnership.org/node/document/download?file=document/file/kenya-nessp-2018-2002.pdf

Mosha, H. (2018). The education sector development plan in Tanzania: Implementation and impact on resource management. Tanzania Education Press.

Ong’ola, J. O. (2019). Challenges and strategies for non-teaching staff in enhancing management of public secondary schools in Hamisi Sub-County, Kenya [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Hamisi University. Retrieved from https://repository.maseno.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1354

Orodho, J. A. (2014). The free primary education policy and the challenges of achieving universal basic education in Kenya. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(5), 47–63. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-19151120

Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (1978). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. Harper & Row. Retrieved from https://www.sup.org/books/business/external-control-organizations

Republic of Kenya. (2003). Free primary education policy. Government Printer.

Republic of Kenya. (2007). Employment Act. Government Printer.

Republic of Kenya. (2009). Special needs education policy framework. Government Printer.

Republic of Kenya. (2010). The Constitution of Kenya. Government Printer.

Republic of Kenya. (2012). Teachers Service Commission Act. Government Printer.

Republic of Kenya. (2013). Basic Education Act. Government Printer.

Republic of Kenya. (2016). Digital Literacy Programme Policy. Government Printer.

Sifuna, D. N. (2007). The challenge of increasing access and improving quality: An analysis of universal primary education interventions in Kenya and Tanzania since the 1970s. International Review of Education, 53(5–6), 687–699. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-007-9062-z

Sifuna, D. N., & Sawamura, N. (2010). Challenges of quality and equity in the Kenyan education system. East African Educational Publishers.

Transparency International Kenya. (2021). The national corruption perception survey. Transparency International Kenya.

Tumushabe, G., et al. (2016). The impact of universal primary education policy in Uganda. Uganda Policy Review.

UNESCO. (2017). Education for sustainable development goals: Learning objectives. UNESCO. Retrieved from https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/education-sustainable-development-goals-learning-objectives

Wachira, R. (2021). Examination of the adequacy of resources preparedness for implementation of digital learning in public primary schools in Meru County, Kenya [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Meru University. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.47604/ajep.1264

Waweru, P. N., & Orodho, J. A. (2013). Policy and practice in education resource management in Kenya: A case of public secondary schools. Journal of Educational Policy Studies, 5(3), 45–60.

World Bank. (2018). Improving education outcomes in Kenya: Policy and performance review. World Bank. Retrieved from https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/831821566966279688/pdf/Improving-Higher-Education-Performance-in-Kenya-A-Policy-Report.pdf

Downloads

Published

2025-10-09

Issue

Section

Articles