DESIGN AND CREATION OF EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL FOR ADULT INMATES BASED ON WILLIS'S TBL APPROACH. THE POSSIBILITIES OF DISTANCE LEARNING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejoe.v10i3.6309Keywords:
educational material, inmates, task-based learning, prison education, distance educationAbstract
This paper explores the transformative potential of adult education in detention centers, focusing on language development and social reintegration. It unfolds across five key stages: identifying educational needs, instruction design, learning material design, implementing the course and evaluating its impact. At the heart of the study lies the creation of educational content grounded in Willis’ Task-Based Learning (TBL) model, tailored specifically to the realities of imprisonment. The pilot course conducted at the Larissa Detention Center with 16 male participants revealed meaningful outcomes. The educational material was shaped by the constraints and possibilities of prison life, integrating authentic tasks and culturally relevant experiences. Through TBL, learners engaged with language in ways that were practical, personal, and empowering—fostering autonomy, emotional resilience, and a renewed sense of identity. These elements are crucial for preparing individuals to reconnect with society upon release. A significant dimension of the study was the exploration of transferring this material to a distance learning format. The clarity of the structure, accessibility of instructions, and communicative orientation make it well-suited for both synchronous and asynchronous delivery. With adequate technological support, distance education emerges not merely as an alternative but as an essential pathway for inclusive learning behind bars. Ultimately, the paper argues that prison education is not a privilege—it is a right. When approached with pedagogical care and adaptability, it becomes a vehicle for personal growth, empowerment, and social justice. It challenges exclusion and affirms the principle that access to meaningful education must extend to all, regardless of circumstance.References
Alqahtani, A. Y., & Rajkhan, A. A. (2020). E-learning critical success factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comprehensive analysis of E-learning managerial perspectives. Education Sciences, 10(9), 216. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10090216
Bozick, R., Steele, J. L., Davis, L. M., & Turner, S. (2018). Does providing inmates with education improve post-release outcomes? A meta-analysis of correctional education programs. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 55(2), 194–231. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427817746223
Davis, L. M., Bozick, R., Steele, J. L., Saunders, J., & Miles, J. N. V. (2013). Evaluating the effectiveness of correctional education: A meta-analysis of programs that provide education to incarcerated adults. RAND Corporation. https://doi.org/10.7249/RR266
Darder, A. (2025). Paulo Freire's Education of the Oppressed: A Guide to Study and Understanding (Scientific supervision and translation: G. Koulaouzidis). Gutenberg Publications.
Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based language learning and teaching. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263104293056
Esperian, J. H. (2010). The effect of prison education programs on recidivism. Journal of Correctional Education, 61(4), 316–334. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/23282764
Halverson, L., and Graham, C. (2019). Learner engagement in blended learning environments: a conceptual framework. Online Learning, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v23i2.1481
Joaquin, J. J., & Biana, H. T. (2020). Designing effective digital learning environments for adult learners. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00221-7
Kebritchi, M., Lipschuetz, A., & Santiague, L. (2017). Issues and challenges for teaching successful online courses in higher education. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 46(1), 4-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239516661713
Lionarakis, A. (2001). Qualitative approaches in designing and producing distance learning materials. In V. Makrakis (Ed.), Proceedings of the National Conference with International Participation on New Technologies in Education and Distance Learning (pp. 68–77). Athens: Atrapos
Long, M. H. (2015). Second language acquisition and task-based language teaching. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amv074
Long, M. H., & Robinson, P. (1998). Focus on form: Theory, research and practice. In C. Doughty & J. Williams (Eds.), Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition (pp. 15–41). Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Peter-Robinson-35/publication/259863705_Focus_on_Form_Theory_research_and_practice/links/6082db0a907dcf667bbc4d53/Focus-on-Form-Theory-research-and-practice.pdf
Manousou, E., & Lionarakis, A. (2013). Design and development of a polymorphic pedagogical material for supplementary distance learning in primary education in the field of environmental education in Greece. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 14(3), 12–32 https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tojde/issue/16897/176069#article_cite
Pribadi, B. A. (2021). The impact of the ARCS motivational model on students’ learning motivation in distance education. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 18(4), 45–58. Retrieved from http://www.itdl.org/Journal/Apr_21/Apr21
Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667305
Rodriguez B., M. & Jeissonm B. M. (2010). Task-Based Language Learning: Old Approach, New Style. A New Lesson to Learn. Profile Issues in Teachers` Professional Development. 12. 165-178.
Skehan, P. (1998). A cognitive approach to language learning. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/19.1.121
Sudarti, N. (2022). Lecturer's online instructional strategies in English-speaking classes during the COVID-19 pandemic period at IAIN Palopo, South Sulawesi. Ideas Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning Linguistics and Literature, 10(1), 402-414. https://doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v10i1.2689
Willis D. and Willis J. (n.d.). Task-Based Learning by Dave and Jane Willis, Aston University, UK, https://www2.vobs.at/ludescher/grammar/task_based_learning.htm
Vacca, J. S. (2004). Educated prisoners are less likely to return to prison. Journal of Correctional Education, 55(4), 297–305.
Willis, D., & Willis, J. (2007). Doing task-based teaching. Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://www.librarysearch.manchester.ac.uk/discovery/fulldisplay?vid=44MAN_INST:MU_NUI&docid=alma992981632426401631&lang=en&context=L&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine
Willis, J. (1996). A framework for task-based learning. Longman. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/11696134/A_Framework_for_Task_Based_Learning
Wilson, D. B., Gallagher, C. A., & MacKenzie, D. L. (2000). A Meta-Analysis of Corrections-Based Education, Vocation, and Work Programs for Adult Offenders. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 37(4), 347-368. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427800037004001
Wu, W. (2024). Digital computing-based course recommendation algorithm for distance education platforms. Journal of Electrical Systems (JES), 20(6s), 2124-2134. https://doi.org/10.52783/jes.3127
Zhang, Y., Stöhr, C., Jämsvi, S., & Kabo, J. (2022). Considering the community of inquiry framework in online engineering education, 2022 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) p.1-9. https://doi.org/10.1109/fie56618.2022.9962591.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).


