THEORETICAL CORRELATION OF AGEING, MENTAL ACTIVITY AND MEMORY RECALL: IMPLICATION FOR SECURITY PERSONNEL

Authors

  • Leonard N. Ezeh PhD., Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
  • Chukwuemeka A. F. Okoye PhD., Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
  • Chukwuemeka E. Etodike Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
  • Cynthia C. Udeze Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46827/ejse.v0i0.1484

Keywords:

brain behaviour, memory recall, ageing, mental ability, security personnel.

Abstract

This study explored theoretical correlation of ageing, mental activity and memory recall and its implication for security personnel. Ebbinghaus’ experiment with the list of nonsense syllables in 1885 has created the awareness that a lot factors can influence brain behaviour; critically ageing and mental activity. Despite the abundance of empirical literature on varying experiments to expose the correlation of brain behaviour and other human behavioural outcomes, the need to establish theoretical basis for understanding these relationships becomes important. Using Two-Stage Process theory of memory recall by Watkins and Gardiner (1979) which emphasized search and retrieval process; and Encoding Specificity theory by Tulving and Donald (1973) which emphasized encoding conditions and conditions at the time of retrieval, memory recall process was reviewed as brain behaviour in the light of how ageing and mental activity (cognitive exercise) may influence it. Given the found theoretical linkage, it is recommended that positive valences which improve mental wellbeing and varying brain behavior be encouraged in the workplace to improve the quality of human output in the organization.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter

DOI

References

Bahrick H.P. (1970). Two-phase model for prompted recall. Psychological Review, 77, 215-222

Bergström, J. A. (1894). The relation of the interference to the practice effect of an association. The American Journal of Psychology, 6(3), 433-442.

Bermingham, D.; Hill, R. D.; Woltz, D.; Gardner, M. K. (2013). "Cognitive Strategy Use and Measured Numeric Ability in Immediate- and Long-Term Recall of Everyday Numeric Information". PLOS ONE. 8 (3): 1–10.

Bernbach, H. A. (1975). Rate of presentation in free recall: A problem for two-stage memory theories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1(1), 18.

Botvinick, M.; Wang, J.; Cowan, E.; Roy, S.; Bastianen, C.; Mayo, P.J.; Houk, J.C. (2009). "An analysis of immediate serial recall performance in a macaque". Animal Cognition. 12: 671–678.

Brédart, S. & Barsics, C. (2012). "Recalling Semantic and Episodic Memory from Faces and Voices: A Face Advantage". Current Directions in Psychological Science. 21 (6): 378–381.

Brown, Peter C.; Roediger III, Henry L.; McDaniel, Mark A. (2014). Make it Stick. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Brown, R. T., Ahalt, C., Steinman, M. A., Kruger, K., & Williams, B. A. (2014). Police on the front line of community geriatric health care: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 62(11), 2191-2198.

Cansino, S., Trejo-Morales, P., Estrada-Manilla, C., Pasaye-Alcaraz, E. H., Aguilar-Castañeda, E., Salgado-Lujambio, P., & Sosa-Ortiz, A. L. (2015). Brain activity during source memory retrieval in young, middle-aged and old adults. Brain research, 1618, 168-180.

Conway, M. A. (2009). Episodic Memory. Neuropsychologia, 47, 2305-2306

Ebbinghaus, H. (1885/1962). Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology. New York: Dover.

Gotoh, F. (2012). "Affective valence of words impacts recall from auditory working memory". Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 24 (2): 117–124

Hall, D., Susan, E. & Gathercol, S. (2011). "Serial recall of rhythms and verbal sequences: Impacts of concurrent tasks and irrelevant sound". Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 64 (1): 1580–1592.

Liederbach, J., & Stelle, C. D. (2010). Policing a graying population: A study of police contacts with older adults. Journal of Crime and Justice, 33(1), 37-68.

McRae, K., & Jones, M. (2013) "Semantic Memory". In Reisberg, Daniel. The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Psychology206–216. . New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Meusel, L. A., Grady, C. L., Ebert, P. E., & Anderson, N. D. (2017). Brain–behavior relationships in source memory: Effects of age and memory ability. Cortex, 91, 221-233.

Oyewunmi, A. E., Oyewunmi, O. A., Iyiola, O. O., & Ojo, A. Y. (2015). Mental health and the Nigerian workplace: Fallacies, facts and the way forward. International Journal of Psychology and Counselling, 7(7), 106-111.

Salthouse, T. A. (2006). Mental exercise and mental aging: evaluating the validity of the "use it or lose it" hypothesis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(1), 68-87.

Stoddard, A. M.; Wright, E.; (2006). Long-term effects of cognitive training on everyday functional outcomes in older adults. JAMA, 296(23), 2805-2814.

Tarnow, E. (2016). First direct evidence of two stages in free recall and three corresponding estimates of working memory capacity. Quantitative Biology, arXiv preprint arXiv: 605-618.

Tulving E (1984). "Precis of Elements of Episodic Memory". Behavioural and Brain Sciences 7(2): 223–68.

Tulving, E., & Donald, T. (1973). "Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory". Psychological Review 80(5), 352–373.

Watkins, M.; Gardiner, J. M. (1979). "An appreciation of the generate-recognize theory of recall". Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 18, 687–704

Westbrook, A. H. (2011). Mental health legislation and involuntary commitment in Nigeria: A call for reform. Wash. U. Global Stud. L. Rev., 10, 397.

Downloads

Published

2018-03-09

Issue

Vol 3, No 2 (2018)

Section

Articles

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

 

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

 

  1. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

 

  1. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).