EFFECTS OF 10-WEEK IN-SEASON PLYOMETRIC TRAINING PROGRAM ON AGILITY PERFORMANCE IN MALE AMATEUR FOOTBALLERS
Keywords:
soccer, periodization, changes of direction, foot contacts, stretch-shortening cycleAbstract
This randomized controlled study aimed to investigate the effects of a 10-week in-season plyometric training program on agility performance. Thirty-one male soccer players (age = 28.8 ± 4.1 years; body mass = 73.7 ± 7.2 kg; height = 175.2 ± 6.0 cm) from an amateur soccer team were assigned into two groups, an experimental (EG; n=15) or a control (CG; n=16) group. The EG group performed a 10-week plyometric training program and the CG did not perform any plyometric training techniques. The program included one training session per week in place of a weekly usual soccer training session and lower limbs plyometric exercises at maximal intensity (total of 90 - 140-foot contacts/session) were executed. All subjects participated in two agility tests before and after the experiment: T-test and Illinois Agility Test. The EG group showed significantly (p < 0.05, d = 0.7) improvement than CG in the T-test (-0.5 vs. 0.5 sec., -4.3 vs. 4.4%, respectively) and Illinois Agility test (-0.6 vs. 0.5 sec., -3.7 vs. 3.1%, respectively) after 10-week. Results suggest that amateur adult male soccer players that are participating in a plyometric training program can enhance their agility performance by replacing a part of their standard regimen with an in-season 10-week one-weekly program of plyometric training for the lower limbs. This study provided the first objective demonstration of plyometric training value in amateur soccer players.
References
Anderson, F. C., & Pandy, M. G. (1993). Storage and utilization of elastic strain energy during jumping. Journal of biomechanics, 26(12), 1413-1427.
Bangsbo, J. (1994). The physiology of soccer--with special reference to intense intermittent exercise. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 619, 1-155.
Besier, T. F., Lloyd, D. G., Ackland, T. R., & Cochrane, J. L. (2001). Anticipatory effects on knee joint loading during running and cutting maneuvers. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 33(7), 1176-1181.
Bobbert, M. F., Gerritsen, K. G., Litjens, M. C., & Van Soest, A. J. (1996). Why is countermovement jump height greater than squat jump height? Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 28, 1402-1412.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd edition. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Craig, B. W. (2004). What is the scientific basis of speed and agility? Strength & Conditioning Journal, 26(3), 13-14.
Ellis, L., Gastin, P., Lawrence, S., Savage, B., Buckeridge, A., Stapff, A., Tumilty, D., Quinn, A., Woolford, S., & Young, W. (2000). Protocols for the physiological assessment of team sports players. In: Physiological Tests for Elite Athletes. C.J. Gore. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. pp. 128–144.
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175-191. doi:10.3758/BF03193146.
Fischetti, F., Vilardi, A., Cataldi, S., & Greco, G. (2018). Effects of Plyometric Training Program on Speed and Explosive Strength of the Lower Limbs in Young Athletes. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18(4), 2476-2482.
Greco, G., Settimo, M., & Fischetti, F. (2018). Relationship between the correct running technique and lower back well-being perceived by the practitioner. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18(3), 1796-1800.
Greco, G., Tambolini, R., Ambruosi, P., & Fischetti, F. (2017). Negative effects of smartphone use on physical and technical performance of young footballers. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17(4), 2495-2501.
Komi, P. V. (2003). Stretch-shortening cycle. Strength and power in sport, 2, 184-202.
Kraemer, W. J., Ratamess, N. A., Volek, J. S., Mazzetti, S. A., & Gomez, A. L. (2000). The effect of the meridian shoe on vertical jump and sprint performances following short-term combined plyometric/sprint and resistance training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 14(2), 228-238.
Markovic, G. (2007). Does plyometric training improve vertical jump height? A meta-analytical review. British journal of sports medicine, 41(6), 349-355.
Markovic, G., & Mikulic, P. (2010). Neuro-musculoskeletal and performance adaptations to lower-extremity plyometric training. Sports medicine, 40(10), 859-895.
Meylan, C., & Malatesta, D. (2009). Effects of in-season plyometric training within soccer practice on explosive actions of young players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(9), 2605-2613.
Miller, M. G., Herniman, J. J., Ricard, M. D., Cheatham, C. C., & Michael, T. J. (2006). The effects of a 6-week plyometric training program on agility. Journal of sports science & medicine, 5(3), 459.
Myer, G. D., Ford, K. R., Brent, J. L., & Hewett, T. E. (2006). The effects of plyometric vs. dynamic stabilization and balance training on power, balance, and landing force in female athletes. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 20(2), 345.
Nicol, C., Avela, J., & Komi, P. V. (2006). The stretch-shortening cycle. Sports medicine, 36(11), 977-999.
Pauole, K., Madole, K., Garhammer, J., Lacourse, M., & Rozenek, R. (2000). Reliability and validity of the T-test as a measure of agility, leg power, and leg speed in college-aged men and women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 14(4), 443-450.
Piper, T. J., & Erdmann, L. D. (1998). A 4-step plyometric program. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 20(6), 72-73.
Plisk, S.S. (2000). Speed, agility and speed endurance development. In: Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning (2nd ed.). Baechle, T.R. and Earle, R.W. eds. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. pp. 427–470.
Reilly, T., & Dorand, D. (2003). Fitness assessment. In: Science and Soccer (2nd ed.). Reilly T. and Williams, M.A. eds. Routledge. pp. 21–46.
Reilly, T., Bangsbo, J., & Franks, A. (2000). Anthropometric and physiological predispositions for elite soccer. Journal of sports sciences, 18(9), 669-683.
Rimmer, E., & Sleivert, G. (2000). Effects of a plyometrics intervention program on sprint performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 14(3), 295-301.
Roozen, M. (2004). Illinois agility test. NSCA’s Performance Training Journal, 3(5), 5-6.
Sheppard, J. M., & Young, W. B. (2006). Agility literature review: Classifications, training and testing. Journal of sports sciences, 24(9), 919-932.
Thomas, K., French, D., & Hayes, P. R. (2009). The effect of two plyometric training techniques on muscular power and agility in youth soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(1), 332-335.
Váczi, M., Tollár, J., Meszler, B., Juhász, I., & Karsai, I. (2013). Short-term high intensity plyometric training program improves strength, power and agility in male soccer players. Journal of human kinetics, 36(1), 17-26.
Vincent, W., & Weir, J. P. (2012). Statistics in Kinesiology (4th Ed). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Wagner, D. R., & Kocak, M. S. (1997). A multivariate approach to assessing anaerobic power following a plyometric training program. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 11(4), 251-255.
Yap, C. W., & Brown, L. E. (2000). Development of speed, agility, and quickness for the female soccer athlete. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 22(1), 9.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
