MORPHO-PHONOLOGICAL EFFECTS IN GIKUYU LANGUAGE REDUPLICATION

Authors

  • Gerald Njuki Muriithi PhD Candidate, Linguistics, University of Nairobi, Kenya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46827/ejals.v3i2.245

Keywords:

reduplication, morphological, scrutinize, semantic, phonological

Abstract

This research is indispensable as it basically studies how Gikuyu language reduplication patterns can be explained using Prosodic Morphology Theory. It looks at the various types of reduplication in Gikuyu language and seeks to establish if reduplication in Gikuyu is considered morphological reduplication or phonological copying. Word classification as well as the Gikuyu vowels and consonants have extensively been discussed in this paper as a foundation for the reduplication discussion. The study tries to find out the logic worth of reduplication, how reduplication interconnect with morphological and phonological processes, linguistic units associated with this concept and draws conclusion that reduplication in Gikuyu is considered both morphological doubling and phonological copying. The study adopts Prosodic Morphology theoretical approach in reduplication patterns analysis. Gikuyu phonemic catalogue on vowels and consonants as well as the word categorization, that is, nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs and adjectives has been discussed as a foundation for the research. Reduplication is a morphological process in which there is repetition of a stem or a root of a word in Linguistics. Reduplication is important since it acts as a declension to bring out semantic roles such as lexical derivation, authentication and reinforcement to form new words. Qualitative sampling was done on the word categories and an outcome was established. There were various reduplication patterns in Gikuyu, several semantic patterns associated with it were listed, set out and reviewed. The findings have been scrutinized and analyzed for further recommendations.

Author Biography

  • Gerald Njuki Muriithi, PhD Candidate, Linguistics, University of Nairobi, Kenya
    The author is a PhD candidate for Linguistics in the University of Nairobi. He holds Master of Arts in Linguistics and Bachelor of Education arts with Linguistics and Literature from the University of Nairobi.

References

Broselow, E. and John McCarthy (1983). A Theory of Internal Reduplication. The Ling. Review 325-89.

Crystal, D. (2003). English as a Global Language (2nd ed.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Dwyer, D. (1997). A web book of African Languages: page on kikuyu; http://www.isp.msu.edu/Afrlanh/Kikuyuroot.html.

Halliday, M. A. K., Melntosh, A. & Strevens, P. (1964). The Linguistics Sciences and Language Teaching. London Longman.

Jensen, J. L. and Rodgers, R. (2005b). 'Reduplication as Morphological Doubling' MS VC Berkeley and MIT. ROA 412.

Kamau, T. G. (1996). ‘The Major Phonological Process of Ki Ndia and Gigichungu Dialects of Gikuyu: A Comparative Survey.’ (Unpublished MA Thesis, Kenyatta University).

Karega, M. (1983). Sound Changes and Classification of the Dialects of Southern Mt. Kenya (Language and Dialect Atlas of Kenya). Nairobi: Reimer Publishers.

Katamba F. (1993). Morphology, Macmillan Press Limited.

Kaufman, T. (1988). Language Contact, Creolization and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley: University of California.

Marantz, A. (1982). Re reduplication Linguistic Inquiry, 13,435-382 University Press. Cambridge

Mathews, P. H. (1974). Morphology, 2nd Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

McCarthy and Prince A. (1986). Prosodic Morphology. MS University of Massachusetts and Brandeis University.

Moravcsik, E. (1978). Reduplicative Constructions. In Universals of Human Language(ed.) Joseph Greenberg Vol 3 .229-334.

Mugane, J. M. (1986). 'Bantu Nominalization Structures (Gikuyu)'. Unpublished PhD Thesis University of Arizona.

Mugane, John. (1997). A Paradigmatic Grammar of Gĩkũyũ. Stanford: CSLI Publications

Ngunga, A. (2002). Phonology and Morphology of the Ciyao Verb. Los Angeles: CSL1 Publications.

Njoroge N. (2006). 'Kikuyu Deverbatives and other Nominalizations'. M.A Thesis Nairobi University.

Peng, L. (1991). The canonical Root Verb and Kikuyu Reduplication. MS: National University of Singapore.

Richard, D. & Brian D. (2003). On Language, Change and Historical Linguistics: Handbook of Historical Linguistics. Oxford Blackwell.

Sapir, E. (1921). Language as a Historical Product: Drift. New York: Harcot, Brace and World

Spencer, A. (1991). Morphological Theory. An Introduction to Word Structure in Generative Grammar. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

Steriade, D. (1988). Reduplication and Syllable Transfer in Sanskrit. Phonology 5: 73 - 155.

Tagliamonte, S. A. (2012). Analyzing Sociolinguistics Variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Wachera, J. (2008). Tone as a Distinctive Feature in the Lexicon of Gi-Gichugu Dialect, Gikuyu Language. (Unpublished MA Thesis, University of Nairobi).

Welmers, W. E. (1973). African Languages Structure. Los Angles: University of Ngunga, A. (2002) Phonology and Morphology of the Ciyao Verb. Los Angeles:

Zwicky A. (1998). The Handbook of Morphology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

Downloads

Published

2021-04-21

Issue

Section

Articles