EXPLAINING THE ENGLISH CONSONANT SOUNDS TO EFL LEARNERS: MORE ATTENTION ON VOICING DIMENSION / L’EXPLICATION DES SONS CONSONANTIQUES ANGLAIS AUX APPRENANTS DE L’ANGLAIS LANGUE ETRANGERE : PLUS D’ATTENTION AU VOISEMENT

Authors

  • Innocent Sourou Koutchadé Département d’Anglais, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, République du Benin
  • Sourou Seigneur Adjibi Département d’Anglais, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, République du Benin

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46827/ejals.v3i1.94

Keywords:

optimism, acquiescence, deficiency, contemplation, wrangling, dichotomy, imperfection, extinction / sons consonantiques anglais, voisement, point d'articulation, le mode d'articulation, description

Abstract

To describe English Consonant Sounds (ECS), there are generally three major dimensions to be taken into account. These are Place of Articulation (POA), Manner of Articulation (MOA) and Voicing. The description of Voicing in the summary charts for English consonants raises the problem of its accurate position beside the POA and MOA. This brings about the issue related to which positions Voicing would occupy among the following: i) beside POA; ii) beside MOA; iii) Between POA and MOA (VPM). In order to solve this problem, the current paper aims to pinpoint some features that Voicing commonly shares with POA and MOA. To deal with, 64 tables of presentation of ECS have been selected from websites using the browser ‘Google’. Through a descriptive analysis, the results show that 71% of the presentations do not figure out the voicing dimension in the tables, but they do that in another way; 25% of them show clearly the three dimensions of each ECS and 4% of them present the three dimensions separately. Based on these results, Voicing is, most of the time, granted less attention in teachers’ explanations to EFL learners as if it were worthless. Therefore, it is suggested that the EFL teachers, while describing the ECS, should pay equal attention to voicing dimension during their teaching or in their presentation of ECS in a table. Pour décrire les sons consonantiques anglais (ECS), on tient généralement compte de trois dimensions principales : Le point d'articulation (POA), le mode d'articulation (MOA) et le voisement. L'apparition de ce dernier dans les tableaux récapitulatifs des consonnes anglaises peut soulever la question de sa position exacte à côté du POA et du MOA. Ceci pose le problème relatif aux différentes positions que le Voisement pourrait occuper parmi les suivantes : i) à côté de POA ; ii) à côté de MOA ; iii) entre POA et MOA (VPM). Afin d’essayer de résoudre ce problème, le présent article tente de mettre en évidence certaines caractéristiques que le Voisement partage communément avec le POA et le MOA. Pour ce faire, 64 tableaux de présentation des sons des consonnes anglaises ont été sélectionnés sur des sites web utilisant le navigateur "Google". Une analyse descriptive montre que 71 % des présentations ne tiennent pas compte de la dimension du voisement dans les tableaux, mais qu'elles le font d'une autre manière ; 25 % d'entre elles montrent clairement les trois dimensions de chaque ECS et 4 % d'entre elles présentent les trois dimensions séparément. Sur la base de ces résultats, il apparaît que le voisement est, la plupart du temps, moins pris en compte dans les explications des enseignants aux apprenants de l’Anglais comme une Langue Etrangère, comme si elle était sans valeur. Par conséquent, il est suggéré que les enseignants d'anglais langue étrangère, tout en décrivant les sons des consonnes anglaises (ECS), accordent la même attention à la dimension du voisement pendant leur enseignement ou dans leur présentation de l'ECS dans un tableau.

 

Author Biographies

  • Innocent Sourou Koutchadé, Département d’Anglais, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, République du Benin
    Innocent Sourou Koutchadé is Associate Professor of Applied Linguistics at the Department of English of Abomey-Calavi University in the Republic of Benin. His areas of research include: Stylistics, Sociolinguistics, Systemic Functional Linguistics, Didactics, Pragmatics, and Discourse analysis.
  • Sourou Seigneur Adjibi, Département d’Anglais, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, République du Benin
    Sourou Seigneur Adjibi holds a PhD in Applied Linguistics from the University of Abomey-Calavi. His research interests include Phonology and applied linguistics.

References

A. Books and Articles

Bybee, J. & Easterday, S. (2019). Consonant strengthening: A crosslinguistic survey and articulatory proposal. Linguistic Typology. De Gruyter Mouton, 23(2), 263–302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2019-0015.

Fuchs, S. & Birkholz, P. (2019). Phonetics of Consonants. ResearchGate, DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.410

Iyabode, O. D. (2011). Introductory Phonetics and Phonology of English. UK. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Knight, A. (2012). Phonetics: A Coursebook. City University London. Cambridge University Press.

Ladefoged, P. & Johnson K. (2006). A Course in Phonetics. Wadsworth. Cengage learning.

O’Connor, J.D. (1980). Better English Pronunciation. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.

Rogers, H. (2013). The Sounds of Language: An Introduction to Phonetics. Routledge. New York.

Simon, E. (2010). Voicing in Contrast: Acquiring a Second Language Laryngeal System. Gent. Academia Press.

Skandera, P. & Burleigh, P (2005). A Manual of English Phonetics and Phonology. Narr Francke Attempto Verlag GmbH + Co. KG. Germany.

Wang, J., Green J., Samal, A. & Yunusovac, Y. (2013). Articulatory Distinctiveness of Vowels and Consonants: A Data-Driven Approach. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ,56,1539–1551. DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0030).

Yehouenou, C. B. (2006). Principles of English Phonetics. Cotonou. Geste et Voix publications.

B. Websites

Mannell, R. (2010). Distinction Between Consonants and Vowels. Word document. Available at https://www.academia.edu/8550654/Consonant. Accessed on 12/11/2019.

Shao, J. (2012). "Lecture 2: Phonology (1)."— Presentation transcript. Available at http://slideplayer.com/slide/4555834/. Accessed on 12/11/2019.

C. Consulted Webpages for the Consonant Charts

a. Webpages for Consonant Charts showing Voicing along with POA

http://webhome.auburn.edu/~fitchjl/Data/Chapter5text.html. Accessed on 10/07/2020.

https://misiu-6.angelfire.com/descriptivegrammar.html. Accessed on 02/07/2020.

b. Webpages for Consonant charts following the conventional presentation

http://fantasticalworlds.weebly.com/conlinguistics-blog/archives/10-2015. Accessed on 18/09/2019.

http://hepydianaa.blogspot.com/2013/05/phonetics-and-phonemes.html. Accessed on 18/09/2019.

http://karlita2012pedagogiaingles.blogspot.com/p/manner-of-articulation.html. Accessed on 10/07/2020.

http://olemissspeechpath.blogspot.com/2011/11/voice-place-manner-chart.html. Accessed on 18/09/2019.

http://testyyettrying.blogspot.com/2011/06/speech-lanugage-pathology-topics.html. Accessed on 05/11/2019.

http://www.thelingspace.com/episode-20/. Accessed on 10/11/2020.

https://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~krussll/phonetics/articulation/describing-consonants.html. Accessed on 10/07/2020.

https://mexico.sil.org/publications/articulation/phonetic-symbols-consonants. Accessed on 12/11/2019.

https://oneclass.com/class-notes/ca/mcmaster/linguist/linguist-1a03/1343881-linguist-1a03-lecture-4.en.html. Accessed on 05/11/2019.

https://sandiegovoiceandaccent.com/videos/place-manner-and-voicing-of-the-american-english-consonants. Accessed on 10/07/2020.

https://sites.google.com/site/frufrusphonoweb/eng---chapters/consonants/placements-of-articulation. Accessed on 12/11/2019.

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/153826143499916461/. Accessed on 11/06/2020.

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/190840102929566409/. Accessed on 10/07/2020.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Rrup8-TOitI. Accessed on 16/08/2020.

c. Webpages for Consonant charts showing Voicing along with MOA

http://linguistics-mcarmen.blogspot.com/2011/02/phonetics.html. Accessed on 10/07/2020.

http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Swedish.html. Accessed on 03/05/2020.

http://www.sesotho.web.za/consonants.htm. Accessed on 02/03/2020.

http://www2.hawaii.edu/~sford/research/korean2/index.html. Accessed on 2/03/2020.

https://jwruiz.wixsite.com/willian-ruiz-fhono/classification-of-consonant-sounds. Accessed on 03/05/2020.

https://kenlimcanada.wordpress.com/for-teachers/teaching-pronunciation/segmental-consonants/. Accessed on 28/11/2019.

https://twitter.com/speechwoman/status/916448176617308165. Accessed on 10/07/2020.

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/392657661244730373/. Accessed on 10/07/2020.

https://www.speech-language-therapy.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=43:target&catid=11:admin. Accessed on 10/07/2020.

https://www.stmpublishers.com/charts.html. Accessed on 03/05/2020.

https://z-pronunciation.weebly.com/speech-production.htmL. Accessed on 19/10/2020.

d. Webpages for Consonant charts showing other ways of presenting Voicing

http://slideplayer.com/slide/8844457/. Accessed on 10/07/2020.

http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/images/pvm_danish.png. Accessed on 10/07/2020.

https://www.mq.edu.au/about/about-the-university/faculties-and-departments/medicine-and-health-sciences/departments-and-centres/department-of-linguistics/our-research/phonetics-and-phonology/speech. Accessed on 12/11/2019.

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/610660030699577516/. Accessed on 14/05/2019.

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/708824428837646508/. Accessed on 08/05/2020.

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/99571841749551326/. Accessed on 14/08/2019.

https://www.skidmore.edu/~hfoley/images/Consonants.jpg. Accessed on 08/05/2020.

https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Place-Manner-and-Voice-Chart-5955988. Accessed on 10/07/2020.

https://www.uni-due.de/SHE/REV_PhoneticsPhonology.htm. Accessed on 08/05/2020.

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Published

2021-02-12

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