ECONOMIC HEGEMONY AND PEACE IN POSTCOLONIAL AFRICA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF A PLAY OF GIANTS BY WOLE SOYINKA / HEGEMONIE ECONOMIQUE ET PAIX EN AFRIQUE POSTCOLONIALE: UNE ANALYSE CRITIQUE DE A PLAY OF GIANTS DE WOLE SOYINKA

Authors

  • Paul Ali Essoroda Département d’Etudes Anglophones, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Kara, Togo
  • Pinidou Pitapinawè Département d’Etudes Anglophones, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Kara, Togo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46827/ejlll.v9i3.648

Keywords:

international financial institutions, postcolonial Africa, sovereignty, peace, development / institutions financières internationales, Afrique postcoloniale, souveraineté, paix, développement

Abstract

This study bridges political economy and literary analysis to examine how Wole Soyinka’s A Play of Giants critiques International Financial Institutions (IFIs) as instruments of dependency and exploitation in postcolonial Africa. The aim is to investigate the complex relationship between external economic control and the crisis of peace. To achieve this, the study employs Marxism and semiotics as theoretical frameworks. Within these frameworks, the analysis demonstrates how IFIs, particularly the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF), impose structural adjustment programs, loans, and austerity measures that asphyxiate African economies, deepen inequality, and generate systemic poverty. The findings reveal that the complicity of unpatriotic African leaders amplifies these effects, prioritizing personal gain over national development and perpetuating cycles of dependency and socio-political instability. The study argues that sustainable peace extends beyond the absence of violence and requires justice, dignity, goodwill, equitable development, and harmonious cooperation among individuals and nations. These results have significant implications for rethinking Africa’s economic partnerships, highlighting the need for accountable leadership, indigenous financial strategies, Pan-African responsibility, and inclusive growth. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that genuine peace requires reform of IFIs, promotion of sovereign development, and dismantling of neo-colonial structures. Cette étude intègre l’économie politique et l’analyse littéraire afin d’examiner comment A Play of Giants de Wole Soyinka critique les institutions financières internationales (IFI) considérées comme des instruments de dépendance et d’exploitation en Afrique postcoloniale. L’objectif est d’analyser la relation complexe entre le contrôle économique externe et la crise de la paix. Pour ce faire, l’étude mobilise le marxisme et la sémiotique comme cadres théoriques. Dans cette perspective, l’analyse montre comment les IFI, en particulier la Banque mondiale et le Fonds monétaire international (FMI), imposent des programmes d’ajustement structurel, des prêts et des mesures d’austérité qui asphyxient les économies africaines, accentuent les inégalités et génèrent une pauvreté systémique. Les résultats révèlent que la complicité des dirigeants africains peu patriotes amplifie ces effets, en privilégiant le gain personnel au détriment du développement national et en perpétuant des cycles de dépendance et d’instabilité sociopolitique. L’étude soutient que la paix durable ne se limite pas à l’absence de violence : elle exige justice, dignité, solidarité, développement équitable et coopération harmonieuse entre individus et nations. Ces résultats ont d’importantes implications pour repenser les partenariats économiques de l’Afrique, en soulignant la nécessité d’un leadership responsable, de stratégies financières endogènes, d’une responsabilité panafricaine et d’une croissance inclusive. En conclusion, l’étude affirme que la paix véritable requiert une réforme des IFI, la promotion d’un développement souverain et le démantèlement des structures néocoloniales.

 

Author Biographies

  • Paul Ali Essoroda, Département d’Etudes Anglophones, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Kara, Togo

    Essoroda Paul Ali is a teacher and PhD researcher at the Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, within the Laboratoire de Littératures, Langues et Interactions Culturelles (3LIC) at the Université de Kara, Togo. Highly devoted to English studies, he earned a Bachelor’s degree in African Literature from the Université de Kara, a second Bachelor’s degree in Teaching, Education, and Psychopedagogy from the École Normale Supérieure of Atakpamé (ENS), as well as a Master’s degree in African Literature from the Université de Kara. In addition, he completed a specialized program and earned a certificate in university pedagogy at the Institute of Science, Pedagogy, and University Administration of the Université de Kara. Alongside his academic work, he serves as General Secretary for West Africa at SE-International, a non-governmental organization. He also pursues creative interests in cinema, where he works as a writer and co-director of web series. His research focuses on postcolonial African literature, particularly at the intersection of leadership studies, peace and conflict, gender dynamics, and environmental justice. More specifically, he examines how African literature, particularly drama, serves as a critical tool for analysing leadership, promoting peace, and advancing sustainable development in postcolonial Africa. He has actively participated in numerous national and international conferences, colloquia, and symposia.

  • Pinidou Pitapinawè, Département d’Etudes Anglophones, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Kara, Togo

    Pitapinawè Pinidou is teacher and doctoral student (at the Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines) in the department of anglophone studies at the Université de Kara (Togo). He specializes in anglophone African literature. Langues, Littératures et Développement (LaLD) is his research laboratory. He got his Master’s degree from the same University and actively participated in conferences at national and international levels. His field of research focusses mainly on religion, culture and civilization in African literature and how they can contribute to sustainable development and peaceful coexistence.

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2025-09-29

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