THE PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF THE DMS MʕLISH, BASĪṬA, AND BIHIMMISH IN JORDANIAN SPOKEN ARABIC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejlll.v10i1.672Keywords:
DM, Jordanian spoken Arabic, pragmatic functions, Basīṭa, Mʕlish, and BihimmishAbstract
This study adopts a discourse theory approach to examine the pragmatic functions of the discourse markers (DMs) Basīṭa, Mʕlish, and Bihimmish in Jordanian Spoken Arabic (JSA). The current research implements a mixed-methods approach. The researcher compiled a list of scenarios that feature Basīṭa, Mʕlish, and Bihimmish, highlighting the prevalence of these expressions and their contexts within Jordanian society. Subsequently, the researcher identified the pragmatic functions of each marker in every scenario. A panel of jurors validated the selected functions and suggested minor modifications to both the scenarios and their functions. Within the quantitative analysis framework, the researcher employs statistical methods using SPSS to calculate frequencies, means, standard deviations, and gender-based differences. Regarding gender differences, the findings reveal statistically significant disparities between males and females in their use of Basīṭa, Mʕlish, and Bihimmish and their variants. The results indicate that females prefer emotional and supportive discourse, highlighting politeness, encouragement, and reassurance. Moreover, males lean towards assertive and structured discourse, focusing on power dynamics, indifference, and directness. Data were collected through questionnaires that included 62 selected scenarios. The analysis shows that Basīṭa has seventeen pragmatic functions, with the most frequently used functions being making a threat and providing reassurance. Mʕlish encompasses twenty-two pragmatic functions, the most common of which include granting permission and offering reassurance. Bihimmish exhibits sixteen pragmatic functions; the most common functions among speakers are encouraging and acknowledging an apology.
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