THE NOMINAL PREDICATE (ALBANIAN - ENGLISH)

Authors

  • Shkelqim Millaku Prof. Assoc. Dr., Faculty of Philology University of Prizren, Prizren, Kosovo

Keywords:

predicate nominal, predicate, noun, verb, auxiliary verb, Albanian and English

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to description the nominal of predicate between two languages (Albanian – English). The purpose of the following discussing is to show that some noun phrases, namely predicate nominal’s, do not seem to exhibit. What is considering the typical behavior of noun phrase? First, they do not seem to be assigned case. Second, they may not assign are roles in normal sense so that they are probably as Theta-marker arguments, unlike referential Noun Phrases.[1] In Albanian language the nominal predicate can express with auxiliary verb (to be, have) and noun, too. “The predicate has the function of giving information about the subject ...”

References

Abney, S.P. (1987). The English noun phrase in its sentential aspect. Cambridge.

Aboh, E. O. (2004). The morphosyntax of complement-head sequences. New York.

Wojcicki, A. (1995). Constraints on suffixation, Tubingen. Germany.

Adams, V. (1973). An introduction to modern English word-formation. London.

Carnie, A. (2002). Syntax. Oxford.

Radford, A. (2004). English Syntax. Cambridge.

Radford, A. (1997). Syntactic theory and the structure of English. Cambridge.

Radford, A. (2004). English syntax. Cambridge.

Spencer, A & Arnold Zwicky. (1998). The Handbook of Morphology, Malden (USA).

Downing, A & Philip Locke. (2002). A university English grammar. London.

Becker, A & Markus Bieswanger. (2006). Introduction to English linguistics. Germany.

Mark, A. (2005). What is Morphology. Malden.

Aronoff, M. (1992). Morphology now, State University of New York.

Aronoff, M. (1975). Word Formation in Generative Grammar. Cambridge.

Bas, A. (2008). English syntax and argumentation. Cambridge.

Baker, C.L. (1995). English Syntax. London.

Connor, F. (1993). The Meaning of Syntax. New York.

Kallulli, D. (19999). The Comparative Syntax of Albanian. Durham.

Adger, D. (2003). Core Syntax. Oxford.

Kruising, E. (1995). English Accidence and Syntax. Wien.

Herburger, E. (1990). English noun phrase structure. Wien.

Selkirk, E. (182). The syntax of Words. London.

Bach, E. (1966). An Introduction to Transformation grammar. New York.

Bach, E. (1968). Noun and Noun-Phrase. New York.

George, Y. (2006). The Study of language. New York.

Georgio, G. (2003). Sintaksa, struktura e ligjërimit, përkth. Blerta Topalli. Tiranë.

Gerhard, N. (1971). Papers in Contrastive Linguistics. Cambridge.

Gerrit, R. (1999). First Explorations in English Syntax. London.

Giordano, E. (1963). Fjalori i Arbëreshëve të Italisë. Bari.

Giorgio, G. (2003). Sintaksa (përkthyese Blerta Topalli). Tiranë.

Goçi, I. (1986). Antonimet e Gjuhës se sotme shqipe. Prishtinë.

Graeme, K. (2003). Structure and meaning in English. Great Britain.

Grup autoresh. (2002). Gramatika e Gjuhës shqipe I. Tiranë.

Grup autoresh. (2002).Gramatika e gjuhës shqipe II. Tiranë.

Ian, R. (1997). Comparative Syntax. London.

Ingo, P. (2003). Word-formation in English. Cambridge.

Jackenddoff, R. (1972). The structure of English noun. Cambridge.

Miller, J. (2002). An Introduction English syntax. Edimburg.

Bresnan, J. (1979). Theory of Complementation in English syntax. London.

Andeson, J. (1968). The grammar of case. London.

Andeson, J. (1975). Noun phrase as adjective. London.

Hewson, J. (1972). Article and noun in English. Paris.

Jensen, J. (1990). Morphology. Word Structure in Generative Grammar. Amsterdam.

Lyons, J. (1968). Introduction to theoretical linguistical. Cambridge.

Michael, L. J. (1973). Studies in English Generics. London.

Askedal, O, J. (2010). Noam Chomsky and language descriptions. Philadelphia.

John, E. (1997). Oxford Practice Grammar. London

Jokl, N. (1972). “Naim be Frashëri e pasunimi i gjuhës shqipe”, Gjurmime albanologjike, Seria e shkencave filologjike II. Prishtinë.

Josif, M. (2005). Hyrje në sintaksën gjenerative. Prishtinë.

Josif, M. (2008). Rendi i fjalëve dhe struktura e fjalive kohore. Prishtinë.

Juhn, A. (1977). On case grammar, London.

Karl, R. (1982). Ctegorial grammar and word-formation, Tubingen. Germany.

Kayen, R. (1982). Nouns and Predicate, Glow. Newsletter.

Kazumi, M. (1979). Syntax and Style in Early English. Tokyo.

Langendoen, T. (1969). The study of syntax. New York.

Lasnik, H. (2002).The minimalit Program in Syntax. Cambridge.

Laurie, B. (1983). English word-formation. New York.

Laurie, B. (1983). English Word Formation. Cambridge.

Lawri, B. (1996). English Word-formation. Cambridge.

Lees, R. B. (1960). The Grammar of English Nominalization. The Hague. Mouton.

Leonard, B. (20099). The syntax of argument structure. Cambridge.

Newmark, L. (1982). Philip Hubbard, Peter Prifti. Standard Albanian, A reference grammar for students. Stanford, California. USA.

Leslie, D. Alan Riding. (2004). Essential Shakespeare handbook. London.

Lilane, H. (1997). The New Comparative syntax. London.

Lloshi, Xh. (1999). Stilistika dhe Pragmatika. Tiranë.

Loyd, G. (1974). Albanian phonology. Wiesbaden. Germany.

Lynn, B. (1999). English syntax. New York.

Lyons, J. (1970). Generative Syntax. Harmondsworth.

Lyons, J. (1984). Language Linguistics. Cambridge University Pres.

Camaj, M. (1984). Albanian grammar. Wiesbaden, Germany.

Matthews, P.H. (1984). Syntax, Cambridge.

Max M. (2002). Doing Grammar. New York.

Çeliku, M (…). (1996).Gramatika e gjuhës shqipe II. Tiranë.

Memushaj, R. (2008). Gjuhësi gjenerative. Tiranë.

Merxhani, B. (1998). Formula të Neoshqiptarismës. Prishtinë.

Michael, M. (2008). English and American literature. Stuttgart.

Michaela, M. (2005). English General Nouns. Liverpool.

Mita, J. (2005). Hyrje në sintaksën gjenerative. Prishtinë.

Nushi, M. (2003). Gjuha e sotme shqipe. Prishtinë.

Chomsky, N. (1972). Studies on semantics in generative grammar. Paris.

Chomsky, N. (1980). Rules and representation. Oxford, London.

Chomsky, N. (1982). The generative enterprise. Dordrecht. Holland.

Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge.

Chomsky, N. (1986). Knowledge of language. New York.

Chomsky, N. (2002). Syntactic Structures. New York.

Chomsky, N. (2007). Language and problems of knowledge, (përkth. në shqip Blerta Topalli). Tiranë.

Chomsky, N. 2010). Development of the Anglo-Saxon Language and Linguistic Universal. Philadelphia. Culicover, P. (1976). Syntax. New York.

Culicover, P. (1992). Syntax. London.

Culicover, P. (2005). Simple syntax. Oxford.

Culicover, P. (2007). Simpler syntax. Oxford.

Sgall, P (…). (1968). A functional approach to syntax, in generative description of language. New York.

Qesku, P. (2002). Fjalor Anglisht-Shqip, English-Albanian Dictionery. Tiranë.

Quirk R & Sidney Greenbaum. (1985). A comprehensive grammar of the English language. New York.

Raymond, M. (1986). English Grammar In Use. Cambridge.

Van, R. (1997). Valinm Randy, LaPolla. Syntax. New York.

Huddleston, R. (1976). An Introduction to English transformation syntax. New York.

Huddleston, R., Geoffrey Pullum. (2002). The Cambridge grammar of the English language. Cambridge.

Millaku, Sh. (2009). Kontributi i Zellik Harris për gjuhësinë, IASH. Tetovë.

Millaku, Sh. (2015). Kërkime gjuhësore. Prizren.

Millaku, Sh. (2011). Studime gjuhësore I. Prishtinë.

Millaku, Sh. (2011). Strukturat sintaksore. Prishtinë.

Millaku, Sh. (2009). (Profesor Selman Riza dhe Albanologjia) Studimet e Selman Rizes në fushën e morfologjisë. Korçë, f. 143-150.

Millaku, Sh. (2011). Historiku i nyjës se prapme (kontrast me gjuhët ballkanike), Edukologjia, nr.2, f.81-96. Prishtinë.

Shkelqim Millaku, The Subject Between Albanian and English Language, Anglisticum, Vol.3, No.4, 2014, http://anglisticum.aassee.eu/index.php/Anglisticum/article/view/621/1450

Shkelqim Millaku, The Direct Object, Anglisticum, Vol.5, No.1, 2015, http://anglisticum.aassee.eu/index.php/Anglisticum/article/view/233/1721

Shkelqim Millaku, The 2016 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings Vienna, Austria, http://www.westeastinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Shkelqim-Millaku.pdf

Graeme Kennedy. (2003). Structure and Meaning in English a Guide for Teacher. Great Britain, p. 270.

Shkelqim Millaku, The Function Of Albanian And English Sentence, European Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol.2, Issue 3, 2017, https://www.oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejel/article/view/830

Noam Chomsky. (1972). Studies on semantics in generative grammar. Paris, p. 16.

Shkelqim Millaku, The Noun Phrase, Anglisticum, Vol.2, No.3, 2013, http://anglisticum.aassee.eu/index.php/Anglisticum/article/view/1254/1754

Shkelqim Millaku, Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-7, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in, http://imperialjournals.com/index.php/IJIR/article/view/1320/1270

Shkelqim Millaku, The 2016 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings Vienna, Austria, http://www.westeastinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Shkelqim-Millaku.pdf

Shkelqim Millaku, The Direct Object, Anglisticum, Vol.5, No.1, 2015, http://anglisticum.aassee.eu/index.php/Anglisticum/article/view/233/1721

Virginia Tufte. (1971). Grammar as Style, London, p. 50.

Shkelqim Millaku, The Contrast And The Function Of The Gender Albanian To English Language, European Journal of English Language Teacher, Vol.2, Issus 4, 2017, http://www.oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejel/article/view/829/2366

Shkelqim Millaku, The Genetive, Anglisticum, Vol.4, No.4, 2015, http://anglisticum.aassee.eu/index.php/Anglisticum/article/view/1218/1692

Shkelqim Millaku, European Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol.1, Issue 1, 2016, http://www.oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejfl/article/view/294/739

Christa Jansohn. (2002). Companion to the new literatures in English. Berlin, p. 49.

Shkelqim Millaku, The Prefixes and Suffixes of Albanian and

English Language, Anglisticum, Vol.6, No.7, 2017, http://anglisticum.aassee.eu/index.php/Anglisticum/article/view/1483/1996

Shkelqim Millaku, The Genetive, Anglisticum, Vol.4, No.4, 2015, http://anglisticum.aassee.eu/index.php/Anglisticum/article/view/1218/1692

T. Givon. (1993). English grammar I. Philadelphia, p. 291.

Shkelqim Millaku, The Function Of Albanian And English Sentence, European Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol.2, Issue 3, 2017, file:///C:/Users/Admin/Downloads/830-3223-1-PB.pdf

Shkelqim Millaku, The Function Of Simple Sentence Between

Albanian And English, European Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol.2, Issue 1, 2017, http://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejfl/article/view/828/2363

Shkelqim Millaku, The 2016 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings Vienna, Austria, http://www.westeastinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Shkelqim-Millaku.pdf

Shkelqim Millaku, The Noun Phrase, Anglisticum, Vol.2, No.3, 2013, http://anglisticum.aassee.eu/index.php/Anglisticum/article/view/1254/1754

Pinker, S. (1984). Language Learnability of language development. London.

Mann, S. A. (1932). Short Albanian grammar. London.

Evertsen, L.S. (2004). Native American Literatures, New York.

Chalker, S, Edomnd Weiner. (1994). The Oxford dictionary of English grammar.

Givon, T. (1993). English grammar I. Philadelphia.

Givon, T. (1996). English grammar. Philadelphia.

Jupp, T.C & John Milne. (1968). English sentence structure. London.

Kelmendi, T. (2006). Kështjella e sintaksës. Prishtinë.

Kelmendi, T. (2008). Studime sintaksore. Prishtinë.

Verlag, V. (1986). English Grammar. Berlin.

Harris, Z. (1951). Structural linguistic. London.

Published

2017-09-24

Issue

Section

Articles