PRESERVING LANGUAGE THROUGH CULTURAL PRACTICES: A PATH TO LINGUISTIC REVITALISATION AMONG THE CIGOGO COMMUNITY IN TANZANIA

Authors

  • James Tennyson Mwaipyana Institute of Accountancy Arusha, Tanzania

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46827/ejlll.v10i3.722

Keywords:

language, cultural practices, linguistic revival

Abstract

This study assessed the preservation of language through cultural practices for linguistic revitalisation among the Cigogo community in Tanzania. The study was purely qualitative, whereby three major tools were used for data collection and analysis, including Coopers Accounting Scheme, in-depth interviews, and observation. Major themes were summarised into ngoma, lullabies, storytelling and riddles. The results revealed that cultural practices among the Cigogo community are instrumental in maintaining linguistic heritage by embedding language within storytelling and traditional arts, ensuring its transmission and vitality across generations. Therefore, the study recommends that to save Cigogo, it should champion the contexts that give it a soul, ensuring that the stories, songs, and sayings continue to be the discursive threads that weave the community together.

Author Biography

  • James Tennyson Mwaipyana, Institute of Accountancy Arusha, Tanzania
    James Tennyson is an Assistant Lecturer at the Institute of Accountancy Arusha (IAA) and a PhD candidate at the Open University of Tanzania. He holds a Master of Arts degree in Linguistics as well as a Bachelor's degree. His research interests center on language studies and communication skills, with a particular focus on their application within academic and professional contexts.

References

Awal, A. (2024). Endangered languages: a systematic qualitative study of socio-cultural impacts and revitalisation. Darnioji daugiakalbystė, (25), 65-101. https://doi.org/10.2478/sm-2024-0013

Barries, H. E. M. (2024). Observation as a research technique. (Reflections, types, recommendations and examples). Russian Law Journal, 10(2), 792. https://doi.org/10.52783/rlj.v10i4.4348

Beckett, G. H. (2022). Revitalisation and revival of indigenous languages and cultures with applied linguistics and technology. Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 16(4), 220–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/15595692.2022.2115030

Beletskiy, S. (2025). Language Vitality as the Outcome of Language Contact: A Case of Cigogo in Central Tanzania. In The Handbook of Multilingualism, Identity, and Language Endangerment in Africa (pp. 153–170). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://link.springer.com/rwe/10.1007/978-981-96-4729-3_6

Dodoma Region Development Plan (2024).

Habely, Y. E., & Taji, J. (2023). Communicative Functions of the Augment in Cigogo. Journal of Linguistics and Language in Education, 17(2), 30-45. Retrieved from https://journals.udsm.ac.tz/index.php/jlle/article/view/6325

Höglund, B., & Hildingsson, I. (2025). Is it possible for parents to endure a stillbirth? Initial experiences, perceptions and strategies: individual in-depth interviews in Sweden 2021–2023. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 25(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-07055-0

Hutson, J., Ellsworth, P., & Ellsworth, M. (2024). Preserving linguistic diversity in the digital age: a scalable model for cultural heritage continuity. Journal of Contemporary Language Research, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.58803/jclr.v3i1.96

Ilonga, E. (2025). Ethnic community languages in contemporary social media advertisements in Tanzania. South African Journal of African Languages, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2024.2404045

Kanyabuhinya, B., & Athanas, J. L. (2021). Protection of traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions in mainland Tanzania. The Eastern African Law Review, 48(2). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366103692_Protection_of_Traditional_Knowledge_and_Traditional_Cultural_Expressions_in_Mainland_Tanzania

Kilangi, C. T. (2025). Changing phases of linguistic ecology in Tanzania: The vitality of ethnic languages. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2024.2384638

Li, C., Chen, M., Wang, J., Sitaram, S., & Xie, X. (2024). Culturellm: Incorporating cultural differences into large language models. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 37, 84799–84838. https://github.com/Scarelette/CultureLLM

Lidubwi, J. U., & Ndavula, J. O. (2024). Revitalising endangered languages through social media: A case study of Olunyore language preservation through Facebook in Kenya. In Decolonising Digital Media and Indigenisation of Participatory Epistemologies (pp. 163–174). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003496991-13/

Maganda, D. M. (2024). Language Policy in Tanzania Mainland. In The Palgrave Handbook of Language Policies in Africa (pp. 37–70). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-57308-8_3

Masinde, Y. N. (2024). The state of multilingualism in Tanzania: A debate on its stability and survival. In Multilingualism in Southern Africa (pp. 107–121). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003461708-9/

McCartan, C., King, S., & Roberts, M. R. (2023). Collaborative Analysis of Observational Data in Healthcare. New Trends in Qualitative Research, 16, e786-e786. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.16.2023.e786

Ntwalana, Y., & Matiso, N. H. (2024). Preserving human culture in schools through oral storytelling: Perspectives from teachers in Eastern Cape, South Africa. E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 5(12), https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.20245126

Nzeaka, E. E., & Ehondor, B. A. (2024). Preservation of indigenous languages, changes in digital media, social development, and family communication. In Decolonising digital media and indigenisation of participatory epistemologies (pp. 40–59). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003496991-4/

Okoye, C., & Okoye-Ugwu, S. (2021). From minstrelsy to the spoken word poet: Oral tradition and postcolonial Nigeria. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2021.1933306

Sheetal Sharma, Dr Yad Ram. (2025). Revitalising Indigenous Languages: Analysing Key Factors and Strategies in the Context of NEP 2020. International Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Trends (IJARMT), 2(2), 348–355. Retrieved from https://ijarmt.com/index.php/j/article/view/218

Shi, L. (2020). Analysis of China’s Assessment System of Foreign Language Proficiency from the Perspective of Cooper’s Accounting Scheme. Journal of Language Testing & Assessment (7). https://dx.doi.org/10.23977/langta.2024.070101

Tibi, I. K. (2023). Attitudes Toward Indigenous Language Maintenance Through Contemporary Ethnic Music Among Nairobi Youth. https://portalcris.vdu.lt/server/api/core/bitstreams/5402ddf5-1bf0-47c5-a18c-b046e2c981a0/

Xu, J., Zhou, C., & Liu, H. (2025). Cultural heritage as a key motivation for sustainable language protection: a case study of the Suzhou dialect protection project. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 46(9), 2930-2947. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2024.2317351

Downloads

Published

2026-07-20

Issue

Section

Articles