ANALYSING THE ETHNOGRAPHY OF COMMUNICATION IN WOLE SOYINKA’S ALAPATA APATA: A SOCIO-FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Keywords:
ethnography of communication, Nigerian Pidgin, code-switching, code mixing, mood, modality, African literature / ethnographie de la communication, pidgin Nigerian, l’alternance codique, le mélange codique, mode modalité, littérature africaineAbstract
The aim of this paper is to carry out a linguistic analysis of Wole Soyinka’s play entitled Alapata Apata. The contention is that, like several West African writings, Wole Soyinka’s literary works are influenced by his culture and mother tongue. In order to find out how the writer has made cultural-based assumptions in the speech of the characters of his play, the paper is hinged upon Saville-Troique (2003)’s theory of ethnography of communication and Eggins (2004)’s approach of interpersonal meaning advanced by systemic functional linguistics. The descriptive methodology based on quantitative and qualitative approaches has been adopted in the study. The analysis reveals, at the sociolinguistic level, that the writer has used such interlingual features as Nigerian Pidgin, code-switching, code mixing and other linguistic devices to represent his artistic and ideological perspective of the African literature. The study of interpersonal meaning shows that various mood-types including declarative, interrogative, imperative, and features of modality are used by interactants to realize the tenor of discourse which is the role- relationship that exists among the characters of the play. By describing the factors that help to highlight the way communicative events achieve their objectives, this study has made it easy to decode some utterances meanings that facilitate the understanding of the language of the play.
Cet article se propose de faire une analyse linguistique de la pièce de théâtre de Wole Soyinka intitulée Alapata Apata. L’argument qui sous-tend l’étude est qu’à l’instar de plusieurs œuvres littéraires de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, la culture et la langue maternelle ont une influence significative sur les œuvres de Wole Soyinka. Afin de pouvoir décrire la manière dont l’auteur a utilisé des stratégies linguistiques basées sur la culture dans les discours de ses personnages, la théorie de l’ethnographie de la communication développée par Saville-Troique (2003) et celle de la signification interpersonnelle de Eggins (2004) proposée dans la linguistique systémique fonctionnelle ont été exploitées. La méthodologie descriptive basée sur l’approche mixte est adoptée dans cette étude. L’analyse sociolinguistique révèle que l’auteur a fait usage des éléments sociolinguistiques tels que le pidgin nigérian, l’alternance codique, le mélange codique et d’autres techniques linguistiques pour représenter la perspective artistique et idéologique de la littérature africaine. L’étude de la signification interpersonnelle a révélé que plusieurs catégories de mode à savoir le mode déclaratif, le mode interrogatif, le mode impératif aussi bien que les traits de modalité sont utilisés par les personnages pour faire ressortir la teneur du discours qui n’est rien d’autre que le rôle et la relation qui existent entre les personnages de la pièce de théâtre. A travers la description des facteurs qui permettent de souligner les objectifs des actes de communications, cette étude a permis de décoder les significations des énoncés qui facilitent la compréhension de la langue de la pièce de théâtre.
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