FACTORS INFLUENCING BRAND IMAGE, RETENTION AND TRAVEL MOTIVATION OF MATI CITY AS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE’S DESTINATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejmms.v10i1.1988Nøgleord:
destination brand image, tourist retention, travel motivation, cultural destinationResumé
This study investigated the level of factors affecting brand image, retention, and travel motivation on the recognized indigenous people’s destination, the significant difference in terms of profile, and the significant effect of brand image on tourist retention and travel motivation. The data were obtained from 400 respondents. The results determined a very high level of perceived quality, brand awareness, brand loyalty, and brand satisfaction factors that affect brand image. The service quality, physical surroundings, customer satisfaction, and loyalty show very high factors that affect tourist retention. The travel motivation is highly associated with the indicators of cultural experience, social contact, adventure, relaxation, and novelty seeking. There’s a significant difference between brand image, tourists' retention, and travel motivation in terms of age, location and economic status, while no significant difference in terms of gender. Moreover, brand image significantly impacts both tourist retention and travel motivation. This study has concluded that brand image significantly affects tourist retention and travel motivation. A well-established brand image raises familiarity with the destination, increases trust and loyalty, and boosts the likelihood of tourists returning for more.
Article visualizations:
Referencer
Abbasi, G. et al. 2021. Understanding the Intention to Revisit a Destination by Expanding the Theory of Planned Behavior, Spanish Journal of Marketing – ESIC, 25(2). Retrieved from https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/sjme-12-2019-0109/full/html
Aday, A., and Fabros, R., 2018. Customer Retention on Selected IATA Travel Agency: Basis for Program Enhancement. LPU–Laguna Journal of International Tourism and Hospitality Management 4(1). Retrieved from https://lpulaguna.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/4-CUSTOMER-RETENTION-AMONG-SELECTED-IATA-TRAVEL-AGENCY.pdf
Agnes, J., and Gamueda, M., 2019. The Impact and Motivations of Tourists in Visiting a Cultural Site in Sagada. LPU-Laguna Journal of International Tourism and Hospitality Management 4(2). Retrieved from https://lpulaguna.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/1.-The-Impact-and-Motivations-of-Tourists-in-Visiting-a-Cultural-Site-in-Sagada.pdf
Ahn, Y., Kiatkawsin, K., Lee, S., and Xiaoting, C., 2020. Tourist-Perceived Quality and Loyalty Intentions towards Rural Tourism in China. Sustainability 12(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093614
Alawi, G., Jamjoom, H., and Samir, H. 2018. Enhancing The Cultural Tourism Experience: The Case of Historical Old Jeddah. Islamic Heritage Architecture and Art II 39. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Haitham-Samir-3/publication/325864736_ENHANCING_THE_CULTURAL_TOURISM_EXPERIENCE_THE_CASE_OF_HISTORICAL_OLD_JEDDAH/links/5bcdf1dca6fdcc204a000a6a/ENHANCING-THE-CULTURAL-TOURISM-EXPERIENCE-THE-CASE-OF-HISTORICAL-OLD-JEDDAH.pdf
Alizadeh, H., Fathabadi, H., and Mohamad, N., 2019. An Investigation of the Factors Affecting Tourism Destination Brand Equity. Volume 6, pp. 104 – 105.Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities Vol. 6(1). Retrieved from http://ajssh.leena-luna.co.jp/AJSSHPDFs/Vol.6(1)/AJSSH2017(6.1-10).pdf
Basari, M.A., and Shamsudin, M.F., 2020. Does Customer Satisfaction Matter?
Journal of Undergraduate Social Science and Technology (JUSST) 2(1). Retrieved from https://abrn.asia/ojs/index.php/JUSST/article/view/59
Barusman, A., and Rulian, E., 2020. Customer Satisfaction and Retention and Its Impact on Tourism and Hotel Industry. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774581
Blomstervik, I., Prebensen, N., Campos, A., and Pinto, P., 2020. Novelty in Tourism Experiences: The Influence of Physical Staging and Human Interaction on Behavioral Intentions. Current Issues in Tourism, Volume 24, pp. 2921-2928.
Boukas, B., 2019. Cultural Tourism, Young People and Destination Perception. Butler, R., 2021. Research on Tourism, Indigenous People and Economic Development: A Missing Component. Retrieved from https://ore.exeter.ac.uk/repository/bitstream/handle/10036/35873/BoukasN.pdf?sequence
Carvache-Franco, O., Carvache-Franco, M., & Carvache-Franco, W. (2022). Coastal and marine topics and destinations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Twitter's tourism hashtags. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 22(1), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358421993882
Coskun, G., 2021. Tourism Destinations and Brand Image Research. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijgtr/issue/67370/981949
Cui, C., 2019. The Impact of Terrorism on Tourism Demand. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2), pp. 299-315.
Devonish, D., 2020. Does Nationality, Gender, and Age Affect Travel Motivation? Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 25(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10548400802508499
Djeri, L., 2019. How Income Influences the Choice of Tourism Destination? Acta Oeconomica 64(2). Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/AOecon.64.2014.2.5
Freire, J., Gertner, R., & Gertner, D. (2022). Cultural appropriation and destination brands. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 40(1), 79-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.40109-805
Helmy, N., Nassar, A., and Osama, F., 2018. Factors Affecting Customer Retention in Hotel Industry.
Hernández, R., del Río, J., and Fernández, A., 2021. The Cultural and Heritage Tourist, SEM Analysis: The case of The Citadel of the Catholic King. Herit Sci 9, 52. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/s40494-021-00525-0
Hooimeijer, P., Spierings, B., and Su, X., 2022. Different Urban Settings Affect Multi- Dimensional Tourist-resident interactions, Tourism Geographies 24. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1795713
Huang, P. L., Lee, B. C., & Chen, C. C. (2019). The Influence of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in B2B Technology Service Industry. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 30(13-14), 1449-1465. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2017.1372184
Isoraite, M. (2018). Brand image theoretical aspects. Integrated Journal of Business and Economics, 2(1), 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/ijbe.v2i1.64
Jönsson, C., & Devonish, D. (2008). Does nationality, gender, and age affect travel motivation? A case of visitors to the Caribbean Island of Barbados. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 25(3-4), 398-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548400802508499
Kim, H. K., & Lee, T. J. (2018). Brand equity of a tourist destination. Sustainability, 10(2), 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020431
Kralikova, A., 2020. Impact of Destination Image on Satisfaction and Loyalty. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis Journal, 68, pp. 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun202068010199
Liu, Y. and Wei, X., 2020. How Does Brand Loyalty Interact with Tourism Destinations. Exploring the Effect of Brand Loyalty on Place Attachment. Annals of Tourism Research 81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102879
Mangali, G., 2021. Attributes of Travel Destinations that Influence Tourists' Decisions: A Systematic Review. International Tourism and Hospitality Journal (ITHJ) 8(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.37227/ITHJ-2021-03-247
Mayer, M., & Vogt, L. (2016). Economic effects of tourism and its influencing factors: An overview focusing on the spending determinants of visitors. Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft, 8(2), 169-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tw-2016-0017
Mitas, O., & Bastiaansen, M. (2018). Novelty: A mechanism of tourists’ enjoyment. Annals of Tourism Research, 72, 98-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.07.002
Pathak, A., and Paudel, S., 2019. Tourist Satisfaction Towards Tourism Products and Market with Special Reference to Lumbini. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. Volume 9, pp 123 – 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.07.2019.p9154
Pérez-Calderón, E., Prieto-Ballester, J. M., Miguel-Barrado, V., & Milanés-Montero, P. (2020). Perception of sustainability of Spanish national parks: Public use, tourism and rural development. Sustainability, 12(4), 1333. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041333
Richards, G., 2018. Cultural tourism: A review of Recent Research and Trends. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Volume 36, 2018, pp. 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.03.005
Rudert, S. C., & Janke, S. (2023). Call me maybe: Risk factors of impaired social contact during the COVID‐19 pandemic and associations with well‐being. British Journal of Social Psychology, 62(1), 281-301. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12546
Skavronskaya, L. (2020). Novelty in Memorable Tourism Experiences (Doctoral dissertation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland).Retrieved from https://research.usc.edu.au/esploro/outputs/doctoral/Novelty-in-Memorable-Tourism-Experiences/99462008802621
Swain, M. B., Wilson, E., Yang, E. C., & Chambers, D. (2024). An intergenerational dialogue about gender in tourism. Annals of tourism research, 104. Retrieved from https://researchportal.northumbria.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/134089893/1_s2.0_S0160738323001792_main.pdf
Tejano, I., (2020, February 26). Culture-based Tourist Attraction Eyed in Mati City. Retrieved from https://mb.com.ph/2020/2/26/culture-based-tourist-attractions-eyed-for-mati-city
UNWTO (2021). Empowering Indigenous Communities to Drive Tourism’s Recovery. UNWTO., 2021. Tourism and Culture. Retrieved from https://www.unwto.org/news/empowering-indigenous-communities-to-drive-tourism-s-recovery
Van Lange, P. A., & Columbus, S. (2021). Vitamin S: Why is social contact, even with strangers, so important to well-being?. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 30(3), 267-273. https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214211002538
Wiese, J. (2022). Motivation for Travel in the Period of Post COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/747996/Thesis%20Julia%20Wiese%20Ready%202022%20PDF.pdf?sequence=2
Wu, C. S., & Chen, T. T. (2019). Building Brand's Value: Research on brand image, personality and identification. International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences (IJMESS), 8(4), 299-318.Retrieved from https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/213028/1/full-3.pdf
Xue, L., & Zhang, Y. (2020). The effect of distance on tourist behavior: A study based on social media data. Annals of Tourism Research, 82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102916
Younis, M., 2020. Cultural Tourism Destination Elements and Attributes: An Interpretive Planning. Journal of International Cooperation and Development 3(2):74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2020-0016
Yousaf, A., Amin, I., and Santos, J., 2018. Tourist’s Motivation to Travel: A Theoretical Perspective on Existing Literature. Tourism and hospitality management 24(1):1-15. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.24.1.8
Zheng, S. (2018). Evaluating the impact of travel motivations, sensation seeking, destination perceived risk on consumer choice (Master's thesis, Kent State University). Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/etd/r/1501/10?clear=10&p10_accession_num=kent1522658096596173


