HOTEL INDUSTRY COMPETITIVENESS IN COVID 19 PANDEMIC ENVIRONMENT IN KENYA: HOW TECHNOLOGICALLY READY ARE THE HOTELS?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejmms.v6i4.1162Trefwoorden:
strategic readiness, technology, competitiveness, pandemic environment, star-rated hotels, Covid 19Samenvatting
Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on te totel industry leading to deep losses among industry players and forcing some to shut down altogether. For those that would survive the crisis, their competitiveness could be at risk unless they demonstrate strategic readiness. The competitiveness found in modern organizations is, however, increasingly determined by the strategic readiness or capability of it assets, notably technology. However, the strategic readiness of the hotel industry needed to be established. Therefore, this paper explores the strategic teachnology readiness of the star-rated hotels in Kenya for competitiveness in the Covid 19 pandemic environment. The paper is guided by the Chamberlain's theory of strategy. A descriptive cross sectional survey design targeting 138 star-rated hotels in the country selected through systematic random sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. Qualitative data was analyzed using content anaysis with the aid of Nvivo software while quantitative data was analyzed using both ddescriptive and inferential statistical analysis with the aid of SPSS version 24.0. Specifically, the study used the bivariate regression model to assess the relationship between the variables. The study found that technology readiness significantly influenced the competitiveness of star-rated hotels in the Covid 19 pandemic environment in Kenya. There is need for the hotels to adopt a more proacticve approach in setting their technological systems for any eventualities as this will be less expensive and enable their users to be more acquainted with the systems in advance.
Article visualizations:
Referenties
AlBattat, A. R., & Som, A. P. M. (2014). Disaster preparedness of hotel industry abroad: A comparative analysis. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 12, p. 01012). EDP Sciences.
Ames, H., Glenton, C., & Lewin, S. (2019). Purposive sampling in a qualitative evidence synthesis: A worked example from a synthesis on parental perceptions of vaccination communication. BMC medical research methodology, 19(1), 1-9.
Anser, M. K., Yousaf, Z., Usman, M., & Yousaf, S. (2020). Towards Strategic Business Performance of the Hospitality Sector: Nexus of ICT, E-Marketing and Organizational Readiness. Sustainability, 12, 1346
Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2001). An introduction to content analysis. Qualitative research methods for the social sciences, 7, 238-267.
Chamberlain, G. P. (2010), Understanding Strategy, CreateSpace, Charleston.
Coppola, D. P. (2015). Participants–Multilateral Organizations and International Financial Institutions. Introduction to International Disaster Management, 588.
Cytonn (2020). Impact of Coronavirus to the Kenyan Economy. Available at:
https://cytonn.com/topicals/impact-of-coronavirus-1 (Accessed 21.05.2020)
Dzhandzhugazova, E. A., Blinova, E. A., Orlova, L. N., & Romanova, M. M. (2016). Innovations in hospitality industry. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 11(17), 10387-10400.
Gikutha, L. M. (2017). Determinants of Strategic Posture of Hotels in Kenya: A Resource Based View Perspective (Doctoral dissertation, United States International University-Africa).
Henderson, J. C. (2007). Tourism crises: causes, consequences and management. Routledge.
Holzmann, V., & Golan, J. (2016). Leadership to creativity and management of innovation? The case of the “innovation club” in a production company. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 6(01), 60.
Hosie, P., & Pforr, C. (2016). Crisis management in the tourism industry: Beating the odds?. Routledge.
Hung, K. K., Mark, C. K., Yeung, M. P., Chan, E. Y., & Graham, C. A. (2018). The role of the hotel industry in the response to emerging epidemics: a case study of SARS in 2003 and H1N1 swine flu in 2009 in Hong Kong. Globalization and health, 14(1), 1-7.
Israel, D. (2009). Data analysis in business research: A step-by-step nonparametric approach. Sage Publications.
James, M. (2018). Strategic Readiness. The International Encyclopedia of Strategic Communication, 1-5.
Jinzhao, W., & Jing, W. (2009). Issues, challenges, and trends that facing hospitality industry. Management Science and Engineering, 3(4), 53-58.
Kamau, John, G., Wamukuru, David, K., Murithii, W., & Maina, K. (2019). Research
methods, data analysis and defenses; building competencies in education and social sciences research. Education and Social Sciences Research Association of Kenya.
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2004). The strategy map: guide to aligning intangible assets. Strategy & leadership.
Krippendorff, K. (2004). Reliability in content analysis: Some common misconceptions and recommendations. Human communication research, 30(3), 411-433.
Law, R., Leung, D., & Chan, I. C. C. (2019). Progression and development of information and communication technology research in hospitality and tourism: A state-of-the-art review. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Lee, J. W., & McKibbin, W. J. (2004, May). Estimating the global economic costs of SARS. In Learning from SARS: preparing for the next disease outbreak: workshop summary (pp. 92-109). Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Lombard, M., Snyder-Duch, J., & Bracken, C. C. (2004). A call for standardization in content analysis reliability. Human Communication Research, 30(3), 434.
Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife, 2019
Montel, C., Palacio, A., & Nuno, P. (2009). Technology Strategy and New Technology
Based Firms. Journal of Technology Management and Innovation, 4(4), 42-52.
Ollo-López, A., & Aramendía-Muneta, M. E. (2012). ICT impact on competitiveness, innovation and environment. Telematics and Informatics, 29(2), 204-210.
Oltean, F. D., Gabor, M. R., & Conţiu, L. C. (2014). Relation between information technology and performance: An empirical study concerning the hotel industry in Mures County. Procedia Economics and Finance, 15, 1535-1542.
Oso, W. Y., & Onen, D. (2011). Writing Research Proposal and Report: A Handbook for
Beginning Researchers, Rsvd edn. Nairobi-Kenya: The Jomo Kenyatta Foundation.
Porter, M. E. (1985). Technology and competitive advantage. Journal of business strategy.
Rittichainuwat, B., & Rattanaphinanchai, S. (2015). Applying a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative design in explaining the travel motivation of film tourists in visiting a film-shooting destination. Tourism Management, 46, 136-147.
Ross, J. (2006, June). Online restaurant technology gains ground. Nation's Restaurant News http://www.nrn.com/technology/index.cfm?ID=6245406176
Salavati, S., & Hashim, N. H. (2015). Website adoption and performance by Iranian hotels. Tourism Management, 46, 367-374.
Saleem, F.; Salim, N.; Altalhi, A.H.; Ullah, Z.; AL-Malaise AL-Ghamdi, A., & Mahmood Khan, Z. (2020). Assessing the effects of information and communication technologies on organizational development: Business values perspectives. Inform. Technol. Dev., 26, 54–88
Setia, M. S. (2016). Methodology series module 5: Sampling strategies. Indian journal of dermatology, 61(5), 505.
Singh, A. S., & Masuku, M. B. (2014). Sampling techniques & determination of sample size in applied statistics research: An overview. International Journal of economics, commerce and management, 2(11), 1-22.
Smid, R. W. (2010). Methodologies of comparative philosophy: The pragmatist and process traditions. State University of New York Press
Stankov, U., Filimonau, V., & Slivar, I. (2019). Calm ICT design in hotels: a critical review of applications and implications. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 82, 298-307.
Tourism Regulatory Authority (TRA) (2017).
Veal, A. J. (2017). Research methods for leisure and tourism. Pearson UK.
Weber, P., Geneste, L. A., & Connell, J. (2015). Small business growth: Strategic goals and owner preparedness. Journal of Business Strategy.
WTTC. (2020). Corona Virus Brief: April 14 2020. https://wttc.org/Portals/0/Documents/WTTC%20Coronavirus%20Brief%20External%2014_04.pdf?ver=2020-04-15-081805-253
Yeo, B., & Grant, D. (2019). Exploring the factors affecting global manufacturing performance. Inform. Technol. Dev., 25, 92–121.
