ASSESSING THE ROLE OF ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE ON WORKFORCE CREATIVITY; AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SUPPORT STAFF OF UNIVERSITY OF BAMENDA, CAMEROON
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejmms.v6i2.1000Słowa kluczowe:
workforce creativity, ordinary least squares, organisational culture, support staff, University of BamendaAbstrakt
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which organisational culture affects the creativity of the support staff of the University of Bamenda. Methodology/Design/Approaches: The study employed primary data collected through self-administered questionnaires made up of structured questionnaires and unstructured interview. A total of 109 questionnaires were administered to the four selected work functions namely Secretariat staffs, Finance staffs, Health unit staff and Computer unit/Records staffs of the University of Bamenda. A total of 100 questionnaires were recovered making a response rate of 91.7%. These questionnaires were quoted using the Likert scale and analysed with the aid of the SPSS software. Findings: The findings show that changes in people-oriented culture, team culture, stable culture, and innovative culture are responsible for 54% changes in the creativity of support staff in The University of Bamenda with r2= 0.54. The descriptive research design was used and the Ordinary Least Squares regression technique employed to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that there was a significant effect of organisational culture on the creativity of support staff in The University of Bamenda. That is people-oriented culture, teamwork, stable culture, and innovative culture significantly contributed to employee’s creativity at the University of Bamenda. Research Limitations: This work is limited to the University of Bamenda, located in Bambili which is an Anglo-Saxon University there by ignoring other university staffs of the French culture. Practical implications: Based on the findings, the study recommended that the University should encourage teamwork, delegation of responsibility and work innovations at the job site by practicing management by objectives (MBO). If implemented, the university will experience a more creative workforce among its support staff. Originality/Value: This study’s research questions and methods are new to the line of Assessing the role of Organisational Culture on Workforce Creativity among University of Bamenda support staffs.
Article visualizations:
Bibliografia
Abzari, M. and Teimouri, H. (2008). The effective factors on knowledge sharing in organisations, The International Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Change Management, 8(2), pp. 105-113.
Ahmadi, S. A., Mobaraki, H., Daraie, M. R., Salamzadeh, Y. (2011). Analysis between organizational culture and employee creativity in the ministry of health and medical education. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 13(4), pp: 28-34.
Ahmed P. K. (1998). Culture and Climate for innovation, European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol.1, Issue 1 pp.30-43.
Ahonen, M., Syvanen, A. (2004). How can electronic portfolios facilitate collaborative problem-finding in the innovation process, E portfolio 2004 Conference Proceeds. La Rochelle, France.
Amabie, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(2), 357–376.
Amabie, M. (2012). Componential Theory of Creativity, Sage Publications.
Amable, M., Pratt, M. (2016). The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning, Research in Organizational Behavior.
Amable T. M., Barsade S. G., Mueller J. S., Staw B. M. (2005). Affect and Creativity at Work, Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(3).
Amabie T. M. (1997). Motivating creativity in organizations, California Management Review, 40(1).
Amabile, T. M. (1993). Motivational synergy: Toward new conceptualizations of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in the workplace, Human Resource Management Review, Vol.3, Issue 3, pp. 185-201.
Amable, T. M. and Khaire, M. (2008). Creativity and the Role of the Leader, Harvard Business Review, Issue 86, no. 10, pp. 100-109.
Amabil T. M, and Gryskiewcz, N. D. (1989). The Creative Environment Scales: Work Environment Inventory, Creativity Research Journal. Vol. 2, Issue 4, pp. 231 – 253
Amabie, T. M. (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organizations. In B. M. Staw & L. L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior, Vol. 10, pp. 123-167. JAI Press. Greenwich, CT.
Amabie, T. M., Conti, R., Coon H., Lazenby J. and Herron, M. (1996). Assessing the Work Environment for Creativity, Academy of Management, Issue 39, pp. 1154 - 1184.
Ashipaloye, F. K. (2014). A Comparative analysis of the organisational culture and employee’s motivation of selected cities in Calabar zone: Basis for employee’s motivation, leadership and innovative management, Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(5), 54-63.
Beytekin, O. & Doran, M. (2010). The Organizational Culture at The University, International Journal of Educational Research (1):1-13.
Baker, K. A (2002). Organizational culture. In organizational culture: An Introduction. Journal of Business Management, Vol. 1. pp. 66-81.
Baird, K., Harrison, G., and Reeve, R. (2007). Success of activity management practices: The influence of organizational and cultural factors. Accounting and Finance Vol. 47, Issue 1.
Bishop, J. W., Scott, K. D. and Burroughs, S. M. (2000). Support, commitment and employee outcomes in a team environment. Journal of Management Development 26 (6): 1113–1132.
Black and Richard (2003). Organisational Culture: Creating the Influence Needed for Strategic Success, Journal of Political Science, 43-47.
Black, J. & La Venture, K. (2017). The Human Factor to Profitability: People-centered Cultures as Meaningful Organizations, Journal of Organisational Psychology, Vol 17(2).
Bryant, M. (2012). Physical Environments Conducive to Creativity and Collaboration Within the Work Environment. (Electronic Thesis or Dissertation). Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/ on 12/17/2020.
Brown P. (1998). Organisational Culture. (2nd ed). Pitman Publishing, 9, 33, 176.
Cameron, K. S. and Quinn, R. E. (2006). Diagnosing and Changing Organisational Culture Based on Competing Values Framework. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20, 1175–1198. Josey Bass, San Francisco.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and Discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix, Psychological Bulletin, 56(2), 81-105.
Cassotti, M., Camarda, A., Poirel, N., Houdé, O., & Agogué, M. (2016). Fixation effect in creative ideas generation: Opposite impacts of example in children and adults, Thinking Skills and Creativity, Vol. 19, 146–152.
Castiglione, J. (2008). Facilitating employee creativity in the library environment: An important managerial concern for library administrators, Library management, 29, Pp:35-52.
Catmull, E. (2008). How Pixar fosters Collective Creativity, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 86, Issue 9, pp. 64-72.
Charness, G. & Griero, D. (2018). Creativity and Incentives, Journal of the European Economic Association.
Chen, M. H. (2006). Understanding the Benefits and Detriments of Conflict on Team Creativity Process, Creativity and Innovation Management. Vol. 15, Issue 1, pp. 105-116.
Conti, R., Coon, H. M., & Amabile, T. M. (1993). Effects of expected evaluation on task persistence and artistic creativity, Paper presented at the meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Arlington, VA.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design, SAGE, Washington DC, USA.
Csitzentmihalyi, M. (2014). Systems Model of Creativity, Harper Collins, USA.
Deal, T. E., & Kennedy, A. (1982). Corporate Culture: An integration of Cultural values: M.A: Addison Wesley.
Deshpande, R., & Farley, J. (1999). Executive insights: corporate culture and market orientation: comparing Indian and Japanese firms. Journal of International Marketing, 7, 111-27.
Dul, J., Ceylan, C. and Jaspers, F. (2011). Knowledge workers’ creativity and the role of the physical work environment, Human Resource Management, Vol. 50 No. 6, pp. 715-734.
Dyer, F. L. and Martin, T. C. (2006). Edison, His Life and Inventions. FQ Books. Chicago, IL
Ehteshamul M., & Muhammad Shakil A. (2011). Impact of Organizational Culture on Performance management practices in Pakistan. Department of Management Sciences, COMSASTS Institute of information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Elenkov, D. S. and Manev I. M. (2005). Top Management leadership and influence on innovation: the role of sociocultural context. Journal of Management, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 381- 401
Epstein R. (1996). Cognition, Creativity, and Behavior: Selected Essays. Praeger Westport, CT
Epstein R., Kaminaka K., Phan V. and Uda R. (2013). How is Creativity Best Managed? Some Empirical and Theoretical Guidelines, Creativity and Innovation Management. Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 359 – 374
Feizi, M. C., & Hayat, A. A. H. (2009). Studying the effect of administration styles of managers and creativity of high school teachers in Sanandaj. Journal of Leadership and Learning Management, 3(3), 103-123.
Fillis, I., and Rentschler, R. (2010). The Role of Creativity in Entrepreneurship, Journal of Enterprising Culture, 18(1), pp. 49-81.
Fulton, J., Paton, E. (2016). The Systems Model of Creativity, The Creative System in Action: Understanding Cultural Production and Practice, (pp.27-46), Palgrave Macmillan.
Gujarati, D. N., & Poter, D. C. (2009). Basic Econometrics, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, New York.
Guthrie, G. (2010). Basic Research Methods: An Entry to Social Science Research, SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd.
Harrison, R. (1993). Diagnosing organisational culture: Trainer's manual. New York: Pfeiffer and Company.
Harrison, R., & Stokes, H. (1992). Diagnosing Organisational Culture. New York: Pfeiffer and Company.
Hendryady P., Suratna, P., Suryani P., Budi, P. (2019). Bureaucratic culture, empowering leadership, affective commitment, and knowledge sharing behaviour in Indonesian Government Public Services, Cogent Business &Management, Vol 6:1, 1680099.
Henneessy B. A. and Amabile T. M. (2010). Creativity, The Annual Review of Psychology. Vol. 61, Issue 1, pp. 569-598.
Hennessy, B. A. (2003). The Social Psychology of Creativity, Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. Vol. 47, Issue 3, pp. 254-271.
Hirst, G., Van Knippenberg, D., and Zhou J. (2009). A Cross-Level Perspective on Employee Creativity: Goal Orientation, Team Learning Behavior, and Individual Creativity, Academy of Management. Vol. 52, Issue 2, pp. 280-293.
Hofstde, G. (1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. London: McGraw-Hill. http://www.grovewell.com/pub-GLOBE-dimensions.html.
Hung Y. C., Huang, S. M., Lin, Q. P. (2005). Critical factors in adopting a knowledge management system for the pharmaceutical industry. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 105(2), 164-183.
Jalily, Fatemeh (2007). The relationship between organizational culture and organizational creativity from the perspective of the principals and teachers of the secondary schools in the four areas of Shiraz, Journal of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Y. 38, No. 3, pp. 47-68.
Johnso A. P. (2014). Creativity and intuition: excerpt from the book: Education Psychology: Theories of Learn.
Katsikea, E., Theodosiou, M., Perdikis, N. and Kehagias, J. (2011). The effects of organizational structure and job characteristics on export sales managers' job satisfaction and organizational commitment, in Journal of World Business, 2011, vol. 46, issue 2, 221-233.
Kenny, B., & Reedy, E. (2006). The Impact of Organizational Culture Factors on Innovation Levels in SMEs: An Empirical Investigation, The Irish Journal of Management, Jan 2006, pp 119-142.
Keski, H. (2006). Market orientation, learning orientation, and innovation capabilities in SMEs: an extended model, European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 9 No. 4, pp. 396-417.
Kimbrley, J. R., & Evanisko, M. J. (1981). Organizational innovation: The influence of individual, organizational and contextual factors on hospital adoption of technological and administrative innovations, Academy of Management Journal. Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 689-713.
Kitcheham, B. & Pfleeger, S. L. (2002). Principles of survey research: Part 5: Population and Samples, Software Engineering Notes, Vol 27, No.5.
Kopelan, R. E., Brief, A. P., & Guzzo, R. A. (1990). The role of climate and culture in productivity. In Benjamin, S. (Ed.), Organizational Climate and Culture (pp. 282-318). Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
Kudroitz B. M. (2010). HaHa and Aha! Creativity, Idea Generation, Innovational Humor and Product Design, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.
Lally. R., and Michalko, M. (1996). How to Produce More Creative Ideas. Getting Results. American Management Association, New York, NY.
Madu B. C. (2012). Organizational culture as driver of competitive advantage. JABE 5:1-9
Malhotra, N., Budhwar, P., & Prowse, P. (2007). Linking rewards to commitment an empirical investigation of four UK call centres, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 18 No.12, pp. 2095-2128.
Martins, E. C. (2000). The influence of Organisational Culture on Creativity and Innovation in a University Library, MLNF Dissertation, University of South Africa, Pretoria.
Martins, E., & Martins, N. (2002). An Organisational Cultural Model to Promote Creativity and Innovation, Journal of Industrial Psychology, 28 (4), pp 58-65.
McLean, L. D. (2005). Organizational Culture’s Influence on Creativity and Innovation: A Review of the Literature and Implications for Human Resource Development, Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7(2), pp 226-246.
McLean, L. D. (2005). Organizational culture’s influence on creativity and innovation: A review of the literature and implications for human resource development. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7(2), 226-246. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals.
Meléndez, J., Alfonso-Benlliure, V., Mayordomo, T., & Sales, A. (2016). Is age just a number? Cognitive reserve as a predictor of divergent thinking in late adulthood. Creativity Research Journal, 28(4),435-441.
Memoire du Cameroun (2020). University of Bamenda, www.memoiredecole.com, 17.09.2020.
Mostert, N. M. (2008). How to measure creativity on 8 different levels in your organization, Human Resource Management Review, Vol. 8, Issue 12.
Mumford, M. D. (2003). Where have we been, where are we going? Taking stock in creativity research. Creativity Research Journal, 15, 107-120.
Mumford, M. D. (2011). Handbook of Organizational Creativity. 1 Edition. Academic Press. Waltham, MA.
Naderi, H., Abdullah, R., Jamaluddin, S. & Aizan, T. (2009). Creativity, Age and Gender as Predictors of Academic Achievement Among Undergraduate Students, Journal of American Science 2009;5(5):101-112.
Naranjo-Valencia, J., Sanz-Valle, R., Martins, E. and Terblanche, F. (2010). Organizational culture as determinant of product innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 13(4). Pp:19-32.
Nasrin, M., Abdol, M., & Nematpour, A. (2011). Study of Organizational Culture Influence (Based on Denison’s Model) on Effectiveness of Human Resources in Karun Oil & Gas Production Company, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(9): 1886-1895.
Njugi and Nickson (2014). Effect of Organisation Culture on Employee Performance in Non-Governmental Organizations. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4 (11).
Oldham, G. & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee Creativity: Personal and Contextual Factors at Work, The Academy of Management Journal Vol. 39, No. 3 (Jun., 1996), pp. 607-634
O’reilly, C., Caldwell, D. & Chatman, J. (1991). People and Organizational Culture: A Profile Comparison Approach to Assessing Person-Organization Fit, the Academy of Management Journal 34(3):487-516
Quinn, R. E. and J. Rohrbaugh (1983). A Spatial Model of Effectiveness Criteria: Towards a Competing Values Approach to Organizational Analysis. Management Science, 29(3), 363-377
Raju, V., Farrukh, M., Anjum, T. & Ramzani, S. (2018). Entrepreneurial Intentions of Pakistani Students: The Role of Entrepreneurial Education, Creativity Disposition, Invention Passion & Passion for Founding, Journal of Management Research, Vol. 10, No. 3.
Rasli, M, Khan, S., Jabeen, S. & Malefi, F. (2014). Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention Among Graduate Students of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 4 No. 2; February 2013
Robbins, S. P. (1986). Organizational Behaviour: Cases, Concepts and Controversies. Prentice Hall, New Delhi
Runco, M. A., (2004). Creativity. Annual Review of Psychology. Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 657-687
Sawyer, K. (2006). Explaining creativity: The Science of Human Innovation, New York Oxford University Press
Seratt O. (2009). Harnessing Creativity and Innovation in the Workplace, Washington, DC: Asian Development Bank
Schein, E. (1992). Organizational Culture and Leadership, Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, CA. 418 pages
Schein, H. (1985). Organizational Culture and Leadership, Publisher: Springer VS, Editors: Stefan Kühl, pp.595-599 San Francisco
Shalley and Perry-Smith E. (2006). Social Yet Creative: The Role of Social Relationships in Facilitating Individual Creativity, The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 49, pp. 85-101
Scott, T., Mannion, R., Davies, H., Marshall, M. (2003). The Quantitative Measurement of Organisational Culture in Health Care: A Review of the Available Instruments. Health Services Research, 38(3): 923-945
Simonton D. K. (2004). Creativity in Science: Chance, Logic, Genius and Zeitgeist, The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, USA.
Smart J. C., St. John E. P. (1996). Organizational culture and effectiveness in higher education: a test of the “culture type” and “strong culture” hypotheses. Educ Eval Policy Anal 18(3):219–241
Sternberg, R. J. And Lubart, T. I. (1991). An Investment Theory of Creativity and its Development, Human Development 34: 1-31
Styhre, A. and Sundberg M. (2005). Managing Creativity in Organizations: Critique and Practices. Palgrave Macmillan. Basingstoke
Sue-Chan, C. and Hempel, P. S. (2016). The creativity-performance relationship: how rewarding creativity moderates the expression of creativity, Human Resource Management, Vol. 55 No. 4, pp. 637-653.
Taurisa and Ratnawati (2012). The effect of organizational culture on job satisfaction and employee organization commitment. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 12(84)
Tierney, W. G. (1988). Organizational culture in higher education: Defining the essentials. Journal of Higher Education, 59(1), 2-21.
Valancia, J., Jimenez, D., Valle, S. (2010). Organizational Culture as Determinant of Product Innovation, European Journal of Innovation Management 13(4):466-480
Wang, D., Su, Z., Yang, D. (2011). Organizational culture and knowledge creation capability. Journal of Knowledge Management, 15(3), 363-373.
Wang, M, Rieger, M., Hens, T. (2017). The Impact of Culture on Loss Aversion, https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.1941.
Weber, Max (1962). Basic Concepts in Sociology by Max Weber. Translated & with an introduction by H.P. Secher. New York: The Citadel Press.
Wei, Z., & Weihua, N. (2013). Creativity in the later life: Factors associated with the creativity of the Chinese elderly, The Journal of Creative Behavior, 47(1), 60–76.
Woodel-Johnson, B., Delcourt, M., & Treffinger, D. (2012). Relationships between creative thinking and problem solving styles among secondary school students, International Journal of Creativity and Problem Solving, 22(2), 79-95.
Yeh H., Chien S. (2012). The Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment on Leadership Type and Job Performance. HRAL 8: 50-59.
Zhou J. and George J. M. (2001). When Job Dissatisfaction Leads to Creativity: Encouraging the Expression of Voice. The Academy of Management Journal. Vol 44, Issue 4, pp. 682-696.
