COMBATING BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY THROUGH A SUPERIOR IDEOLOGY: THE ROLE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Ključne riječi:
Boko Haram, insurgency, indiscriminate violence, superior ideology, terrorism, unemploymentSažetak
Much has been written about Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria. Most of these studies investigated the causes and consequences of Boko Haram insurgency without looking at the use of superior ideology in the combat of Boko Haram insurgency. The inadequacy of literature on the use of superior ideology in the fight against Boko Haram insurgency makes this paper imperative. Hence, the paper examined the combat of Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria through a superior ideology. Despite the federal government’s military style fire for fire approach in the fight against Boko Haram insurgency, the group is still carrying further attacks and are hailed as heroes by the same people the government is fighting to protect. In view of the above observation, the study recommends the need for a serious sensitization of mind and re-orientation of community members about the danger of Boko Haram activities and the need for them to actively join in the fight against terrorism. Also, there is need to strengthen and enthrone good governance in Nigeria since Boko Haram members cut across people who were frustrated due to poverty, economic inequality and depravation caused by bad governance.
Reference
Becker, G. S., & Yona R. (2011). Fear and the Response to Terrorism: an Economic Analysis. CEP Discussion Paper No 1079.
Campbell, H. (2014, June 4). The menace of Boko Haram and fundamentalism in Nigeria. Pambazuka News.
Ekwueme, C., & Akpan, C. (2011). Mass media and Boko Haram insurrection: A call for reportorial paradigm shifts. Ota: ACCE Conference proceedings.
Enders, W., & Sandler, T (2012). The Political Economy of Terrorism (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Federal Bureau of Investigation (n.d). Terrorism 2002/2005. Retrieved from https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/terrorism-2002-2005.
Gaibulloev, K., & Sandler, T. (2009). The impact of terrorism and conflicts on growth in Asia. Economics and politics, 3.
Haralambos, M., & Holborn, M. (2004). Sociology Themes and Perspectives (6th Ed.). HarperCollins Publishers Limited.
Hoffman, B. (2012). Inside Terrorism. Columbia University Press
Holman, E. A., Dana R. G., & Roxane, C. S. (2014). Media's Role in Broadcasting Acute Stress Following the Boston Marathon Bombings. USA: Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS U.S.A).
Huq, A. Z. (2013). The political psychology of counterterrorism. Annual review of law and social science, 9, 71 –94.
International Organization for Migration (2016). Over 1.4 million now displaced in six states in Northeast Nigeria. Retrieved from https://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/medical- consequences-Boko Haram-insurgency-and-rehabilitation-abducted-chibok-girls
Kilcullen, D. (2010). Counterinsurgency. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lyons, W. (2002). Partnerships, information and public safety: community policing in a time of terror. An international journal of police strategies and management, 25 (3), 530–542.
Moses, A. (2016). Medical consequences of Boko Haram insurgency and rehabilitation of the abducted Chibok girls. Retrieved from https://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/medical- consequences-Boko Haram-insurgency-and-rehabilitation-abducted-chibok-girls
Njoku, J. U., & Nwachukwu, J. (2015). The Effects of Boko Haram’s Insecurity on Nigeria’s Economy. International Journal of Arts and Humanities (IJAH), 4 (3), 26-41.
Nkwede, J. O., Abah, E. O., & Nwankwo, O. U. (2015). Effects of Boko Haram Insurgency on the Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria. International Journal of Sustainable Development, 8 (6), 60-72.
Obumneme E. (2012, February 19). The Creation of Boko Haram. Vanguard.
Okoro, E. F. (2014). Terrorism and governance crisis: The Boko Haram experience in Nigeria. African Journal on Conflict Resolution, (14), 2103-127. 25.
Ovaga, O. H. (2012). The Socio-Economic Implications of Book-Haram Activities in Northern Nigeria. Review of Public Administration & Management, 1 (2), 19-37.
Pesko, M. F. (2014). Stress and Smoking: Associations with Terrorism and Causal Impact. Contemporary Economic Policy 32(2), 351-371.
Pesko, M. F., & Christopher F. B. (2016). The Self-medication Hypothesis: Evidence from Terrorism and Cigarette Accessibility. Economics and Human Biology 22, 94-102.
Popoola, I. S. (2012). Press and Terrorism in Nigeria: A Discourse on Boko Haram. Global Media Journal, 6 (1).
Soufan Group (2015b). Countering violent extremism: challenges and solutions. Intel brief, Friday, 19 February. The Soufan Group. Retrieved from: http://soufangroup.com/tsg-intelbrief-countering-violent-extremism-challenges-andsolutions
Thacher, D. (2005). The local role in homeland security. Law and society review, 39 (3), 635–676.
The US State Department (2003). Patterns of Global Terrorism. Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism
NATO (2005). NATO’s military concept for defence against terrorism. International Military Staff.
United Nations (1994). United Nations Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism. Annex to UN General Assembly resolution 49/60,"Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism.
