PROPAGANDA AS A MEANS OF PERSUASION BY STUDENT LEADERS: A STUDY OF GRADUATE STUDENTS’ ELECTIONS IN TWO UNIVERSITIES IN GHANA
##doi.readerDisplayName##:
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejpss.v6i2.1455キーワード:
elections、 manifestoes、 persuasion、 propaganda、 students’ politics要旨
This study investigated the use and effect of propaganda as a political communication tool in students’ politics in two institutions in Ghana. The focus of the study was on elections of student leaders at the graduate level at the University of Cape Coast (UCC) and University of Education, Winneba (UEW). With Political propaganda theory and Aristotle’s persuasion appeals as the theoretical framework, the manifestoes of candidates who contested the positions of President and Secretary were analysed to unearth the use of propaganda techniques in them. Questionnaires were used to collect data from student voters to determine the influence of propaganda techniques on their voting patterns. The findings revealed that candidates employed the propaganda techniques of name-calling, glittering generalities, transfer, bandwagon and card-stacking in their manifestoes. The desire to win power made student politicians employ these propaganda techniques as political communication tools in the graduate students’ elections in both institutions. Data collected from the student voters in the two institutions also indicated that the propaganda techniques of card-stacking and plain folks influenced some of the student voters but the majority of the student voters were not. The study concluded that although propaganda is used in students’ politics, it may not be very effective as it is in national politics. The study recommended that further studies are needed to detect the presence and effect of propaganda in elections in students’ associations at the national level.
参考文献
Abugre, J. B. (2017). Political communication and public relations in the Ghanaian media: Building an emotional environment with propaganda. Political marketing and Management in Ghana, 16(207), 3, 17-31.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57373-1_2
Al-Ameedi, R. T. K. & Khudhier, Z. A. H. (2015). A pragmatic study of Barak Obama's political propaganda. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(20), 75-86. www.iiste.org.
Baran, S. J., & Davis, D. K. (2012). Mass communication theory: Foundations, ferment, and future (6th Ed.). Cengage Learning.
Bjola, C. (2018). Propaganda in the digital age. Global Affairs, 3(3), 189-191. https://doi/10.1080/23340460.2017.1427694
Bowen, A. (2004). Expansion of ethics as the tenth generic principle of public relations excellence: A Kantian theory and model for managing ethical issues. Journal of Public Relations, 1(16), 65– 92.
Brunello, A. R. (2014). A moral compass and modern propaganda? Charting ethical and political discourse. Review of History and Political Science, 2(2), 169-197.
Durmaz, Y. (2011). A theoretical approach to the concept of advertising in marketing. International Journal of Economics and Research (IJER). 2. 46-50.
Fitzmaurice, K. (2018). Propaganda. Brock Educational Journal, 27(2).
Garver, E. (1995). Aristotle’s Rhetoric: An art of character. University of Chicago Press.
Greco, F. (2018). The rule of persuasion in the marketing process. Psychology and Behavioural Science International Journal, 9(10).
Gyampo, R. E. V. (2012). The youth and political ideology in Ghanaian politics: The case of the fourth republic. Africa Development, 37(2), 137–165.
Hamdani, S. S. M. (2017). Techniques of Online Propaganda: A Case Study of Western Sahara Conflict. International Journal of Media, Journalism and Mass Communications (IJMJMC). 3(2), 18-24, 24549479.
Harwani, S. (2019). Propaganda and marketing: A review. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), 6(7).
Heller, R. (2021). Understanding propaganda: A conversation with Renee Hobbs. Phi Delta Kappan, 102(5), 33–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721721992563
Hobbs, R., Seyferth-Zapf, C., & Grafe, S. (2018). Using virtual exchange to advance media literacy competencies through analysis of contemporary propaganda. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 10(2), 152-168. https://doi.org/10.23860/JMLE-2018-10-2-9
Jowett, G. S. & O’Donnell, V. J. (2019). Propaganda and persuasion. Sage Publications.
Lasswell, H. D. (1927) The theory of political propaganda. The American Political Science Review, 21(3), 627-631.
Nieubuurt, J. T. (2021). Internet memes: Leaflet propaganda of the digital age. Frontiers in Communication, 5, 547065. https://doi.10.3389/fcomm.2020.547065
Paalo, S. A. & Gyampo, R. E. V. (2019). Campus politics and intra-party vote buying in Ghana: How political mentorship can destruct. Journal of student affairs in Africa, 7(2), 123-141.
Ross, A. S. & Rivers, D. J. (2017). Digital cultures of political participation: internet memes and the discursive delegitimization of the 2016 U.S presidential candidates. Discourse Context Media, 16, 1. https://doi.10.1016/j.dcm.2017.01.001
Ross, K. & Burger, T. (2014). Face-to-face (book): Social media, political campaigning and the unbearable lightness of being there. Political Science, 66(1), 46–62. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0032318714534106
Sproule, J. M. (2001). Authorship and origins of the seven propaganda devices: A research note. Rhetoric & Public Affairs, 4(1), 135-143.
Sproule, J. M. (2001). Rhetoric and public affairs. Michigan State University Press.
Wilbur, D. (2017). Propaganda’s place in strategic communication: The case of ISIL’s
Dabiq Magazine. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 11(3), 1-15. https://doi.:10.1080/1553118X.2017.1317636
Wimberly, C. (2019). How propaganda became public relations: Foucault and the corporate government of the public. Routledge.
