THE ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME IN THE PHILIPPINES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

نویسندگان

  • Daisy Jane O. Medrano RCrim, University of Mindanao, Philippines
  • Rowela C. Pecson PhD, University of Mindanao, Philippines

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46827/ejsss.v11i2.1975

کلمات کلیدی:

environmental crime, socioeconomic factors, PRISMA 2020, law enforcement, Philippines

چکیده

This systematic review provided a comprehensive and evidence-based synthesis of environmental crime in the Philippines. It examined the various types, underlying causes, and societal impacts of these offenses. Additionally, the review explored the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies and policymakers in the implementation of relevant environmental laws and regulations. A structured process using PRISMA 2020 was conducted across nine academic databases and two search engines. Studies were screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 38 studies were included in the synthesis and analyzed using a thematic descriptive approach. Risk of bias was manually conducted based on five criteria. Results revealed six primary types of environmental crimes: illegal logging, wildlife trafficking, illegal mining, pollution-related crimes, illegal exploitation of aquatic resources, and illegal tourism development within protected areas. Socioeconomic drivers such as poverty, low public awareness, and poor law enforcement, alongside policy gaps, were recurrent themes in environmental crimes. Technological tools such as pXRF and GIS were effective but underutilized, even if they showed great potential in tracing illegally traded wildlife and mapping environmental crime hotspots. Governance failures, limited environmental officers, and educational gaps are major barriers to environmental protection.

 

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بیوگرافی نویسندگان

  • Daisy Jane O. Medrano، RCrim, University of Mindanao, Philippines

    Daisy Jane O. Medrano, RCrim, is currently an instructor at the College of Criminal Justice Education, University of Mindanao and a candidate for the Master of Science in Criminal Justice at the Professional Schools, University of Mindanao, Philippines.  Since joining the academe in 2022, she has actively participated in trainings, workshop, and seminars in the field of criminology and forensic science and aims to focus her research on issues related to environmental justice.

  • Rowela C. Pecson، PhD, University of Mindanao, Philippines

    Rowela C. Pecson, PhD, is a professor at the College of Criminal Justice Education, University of Mindanao, and holds a Doctor of Philosophy in Criminal Justice with a specialization in Criminology from the Professional Schools, University of Mindanao, Philippines.  Currently, through her active membership in the Philippine Society of Criminologist and Criminal Justice (PSCCJP), she has been actively participating in seminar training, as the facilitator, in the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) “Seminars and Training for Environmental Crime” in many parts of the country and as, resource speaker and facilitator, United States Department of Justice – Office of Prosecutorial Development and Trainings (OPDAT) “Cybercrime Training of Trainers.”

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دانلودها

چاپ شده

2025-06-22

شماره

دوره 11 شماره 2 (2025)

نوع مقاله

Articles