PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF RICE PRODUCERS OF KIRIMBI MARSHLAND IN NYAMASHEKE DISTRICT, RWANDA: A GENDER WISE ANALYSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejsss.v6i2.1037Klíčová slova:
productivity, profitability, gender, rice, Kirimbi marshland, Nyamasheke districtAbstrakt
The topic of gender in agriculture sector has had an increasing interest for many researchers. Authors of this paper assess the productivity and profitability levels of rice producers of Kirimbi marchland in Nyamasheke district using an indicative gender approach. To achieve the objective, data were collected from 333 farmers whereas 198 were male farmers while 135 were female farmers using an interview schedule. This study employs a mixed approach of research viz qualitative and quantitative to analyze the study. Descriptive statistics method was used to describe the data with continuous variables while inferential statistics method was used to ascertain whether there is difference significant between productivity levels of male and female farmers, profitability levels of male and female farmers and benefit cost ratio levels of male and female farmers in Kirimbi marshland. Findings of the study revealed that land productivity for female farmers is high compared to that of males though there is a meager difference between productivity levels. With regards to benefit cost ratio, it is high for male farmers than that of female farmers. It was also found that rice farm business for female farmers was not profitable as the BCR equals to 0.45 therefore female farmers were advised to revisit their expenditures patterns because it was observed that the higher amount of variable costs led to the rice business to be a non-profitable business. For both categories, the average cost of field protection was the highest among others. It is also seen through the differences in total costs where the total cost for males was found to be 609,841Rwf and 979,073Rwf for females which indicates that females spent more money on various agricultural practices and inputs than male. This might lead to loss and affected negatively the BCR of female farmers found to be less than one.
Article visualizations:
Reference
Abdulaleem, M. A., Oluwatusin F. M., and Kolawole, A. O. (2017). Analysis of costs and returns on maize production among small-scale farmers in Osun State Nigeria. Report and Opinion, 9(5). Pp 89-92. Available at: http://www.sciencepub.net/report, doi: 10.7537/marsroj090517.08
Alexis, R. (2016). Analysis of Change of the Marshland Value in Rwanda: Case Study of Muvumba P8 irrigation scheme, Nyagatare District.
Bidogeza, J. C., Berentsen, B. M., Jan de Graaf and Lansink, A. O. (2015). Potential impact of alternative technologies to ensure food security and raise income of farm households in Rwanda. Forum for development studies. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271839714_Potential_Impact_of_Alternative_Agricultural_Technologies_to_Ensure_Food_Security_and_Raise_Incomeof_Farm_Households_in_Rwanda
COL (2015). Gender profile: Rwanda. Publisher: Commonwealth of learning, British Colombia, Canada.
FAO (2015). The impact of markets and policy on incentives for rice production in Rwanda. FAO agricultural development economics working paper 18-02. Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/i8708en/I8708EN.pdf
Rwanda Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs). (2021). Retrieved 6 February 2021, from https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/rwanda-population
Farmers count losses as poor quality affects demand for local rice. (2021). Retrieved 6 February 2021, from https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/farmers-count-losses-poor-quality-affects-demand-local-rice
Wetland characterization and classification for sustainable agricultural development Table of Contents. (2021). Retrieved 6 February 2021, from http://www.fao.org/3/x6611e/x6611e03c.htm
Islam, Zohurul, Md., Ratna, Begum, Sajia, Sharmin, and Akteruzzman, Khan (2017). Profitability and Productivity of rice productivity in selected coastal area of Satkhira district in Bangladesh. Journal of Business, Management and Social Research, 3(1). Pp.148-153
Kathleen, S., Carin, S., & Speller, W. (2017). Investment in agriculture: How to improve gender equality in agriculture. Winnipeg, Manitoba: International Institute for Sustainable Development.
MIGEPROF (2010). National gender policy. Available at: https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/94009/110188/F-1576743982/RWA-94009.pdf
MINAGRI (2010). Agriculture gender strategy. Available at: http://www.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Publications/Agriculture%20Gender%20Strategy%20Final.pdf
MINAGRI (2012). Dam construction and irrigation infrastructure of Rwinkwavu marshland: Environmental impact assessment report (Final). Retrieved from: http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/618581468106439079/text/E28960v50Rwand00180201300Box377286B.txt
MINAGRI (2013). National rice development strategy.
Mohammed, Bilkisu, Dossah; Ibrahim, Umar (2016): Evaluation of gender differences in resource utilization and technical efficiency of irrigated vegetables farming in Plateau State, Nigeria. European Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Pp.1-14
NISR (2013) www.nisr.gov.rw.
Ogunniyi, L. T.; Ajao, O. A.; and Adeleke, O. A. (2012). Gender Comparison in Production and Productivity of Cocoa Farmers in Ile Oluji Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, 12(5).
Roger LeMoyne (2010). Promoting Gender Equality: An Equality-Focused Approach to Programming, Available at: www.unicef.org/mdg/files/Overarching_2Pager_Web.pdf
Sanaullah, Noonarl; Irfana Noor Memon; Asif Ali Jatoi; Anne, Memon; Mukhtiar Ali Bhatti; Abdul, Sami Korejo; and Ghulam, Mustafa, Panhwar (2016): Analysis of Rice Profitability and Marketing Chain: The Case Study of Taluka Pano Akil District Sukkur Sindh Pakistan. Global Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(3).Pp29-37.
Sexsmith, K. (2017). Promoting gender equality in foreign agricultural investments: Lessons from voluntary sustainability standards. Winnipeg-IISD. Retrieved from https://www.iisd.org/sites/default/files/publications/promoting-gender-equality-foreign-agricultural-investments.pdf.
World Bank (2015). The cost of the gender gap in agricultural productivity in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda. Retrieved from http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/847131467987832287/text/100234-WP-PUBLIC-Box393225B-The-Cost-of-the-Gender-Gap-in-Agricultural-Productivity-in-Malawi-Tanzania-and-Uganda.txt.
