THE PHENOMENON OF CYBERCRIME: FROM THE TRANSNATIONAL CONNOTATION TO THE NEED FOR GLOBALIZATION OF JUSTICE
##doi.readerDisplayName##:
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejsss.v6i1.956キーワード:
cyberspace、 criminal law、 organized crime、 crime globalization、 transnational crime要旨
Information technology has brought about epochal changes in every area of society, offering opportunities for development on a social, cultural, and economic level, but also a fertile ground for activities with criminal purposes that take place in cyberspace. The threat present in the intangible world of cyberspace is extremely concrete and is one of the major sources of concern and investment by States, given that the Internet is considered the critical infrastructure for excellence. Cybercrime, characterized by a transnational connotation of borderless or aspatial crime, provides a position of advantage to the cybercriminal compared to the traditional criminal. The development of information technologies has led to the digitization of organized crime which thus succeeds in maximizing profits by exploiting the opportunities offered by new communication technologies and minimizing the risk of being identified, arrested, convicted and of suffering the seizure of the proceeds of criminal activities. Considering the contradictory and inhomogeneous international legal framework due to the transnational scope of cybercrime, the identification of the locus commissi delicti is difficult and the legal prosecution of cybercrimes is complex; therefore, cybercriminals could operate without an adequate response from some states in terms of prevention, sanction, containment and contrast. The sovereignty of States, in the context of cybercrime repression, is identified as an insurmountable obstacle in the creation of a supranational union of law. Therefore, to put legal operators in the real conditions to suppress transnational cybercrime, globalization of justice is needed.
Article visualizations:
参考文献
Ambos, K. (2015). International criminal responsibility in cyberspace. In Research Handbook on International Law and Cyberspace. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Balsano, A. M. & Del Monte, L. (2013). Il diritto internazionale di fronte al cyberspace. In Osservatorio per la sicurezza nazionale (Eds.), Cyberworld. Capire, proteggersi e capire gli attacchi in rete. Milano: Hoepli.
Cadoppi, A., Canestrari, S., Manna, A., & Papa, M. (2019). Cybercrime. Vicenza: UTET Giuridica.
Europol Press Release (2011). Cybercrime as a business: The digital underground economy. Available at https://www.europol.europa.eu/newsroom/news/cybercrime-business-digital-underground-economy
Faga, H. P. (2017). The implications of transnational cyber threats in international humanitarian law: analysing the distinction between cybercrime, cyber-attack, and cyber warfare in the 21st century. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, 10(1), 1-34.
Floridi, L. (2012). La rivoluzione dell'informazione. Torino: Codice Edizioni.
Foggetti, N. (2004). Ipotesi di criminalità informatica transnazionale: profili di diritto applicabile al caso concreto. Problematiche attuali ed eventuali prospettive future. In AA.VV., Diritto e società dell’informazione. Riflessioni su informatica giuridica e diritto dell’informatica. Milano: Nyberg Edizioni.
Iaselli, M. (2020). Investigazioni digitali. Milano: Giuffrè.
Levy, P. (1997). Il virtuale. Milano: Raffaello Cortina Editore, pp. 9-14.
Lorusso, P. (2011). L'insicurezza dell'era digitale. Tra cybercrimes e nuove frontiere dell'investigazione. Milano: Franco Angeli.
Martino, L. (2018). La quinta dimensione della conflittualità. L'ascesa del cyberspazio ei suoi effetti sulla politica internazionale. Politica & Società, 7(1), 61-76.
Mele, S. (2010). Privacy ed equilibri strategici nel cyber-spazio. Diritto, economia e tecnologie della privacy, 1.
Pansa, A. (2004). Cybercrime: conferenza internazionale. La Convenzione del Consiglio d’Europa sulla Criminalità Informatica. Milano: Giuffrè.
National strategic framework for the security of cyber space (2013). Retrieved from https://www.sicurezzanazionale.gov.it/sisr.nsf/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/quadro-strategico-nazionale-cyber.pdf
Rapetto, U., & Di Nunzio, R. (2001). Le nuove guerre: dalla cyberwar ai black bloc, dal sabotaggio mediatico a Bin Laden (Vol. 11). Milano: Rizzoli.
Richet, J. L. (2013). Laundering Money Online: a review of cybercriminals’ methods. Available at https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.2368.
Santoro, F. (2011). Cooperazione internazionale in materia di criminalità informatica. Roma: Aracne Editrice.
Teti, A. (2018). Cyber espionage e cyber counterintelligence: spionaggio e controspionaggio cibernetico (Vol. 9). Catanzaro: Rubbettino Editore.
Teti, A., & Caligiuri, M. (2015). Open source intelligence & cyberspace: la nuova frontiera della conoscenza. Rubbettino.
We are Social (2019). Report available at https://www.slideshare.net/wearesocial/digital-in-2018-global-overview-86860338.
