PHENOMENOLOGY OF INCARCERATED MOTHERS: WHAT ABOUT THEIR CHILDREN?

Autori

  • Emma C. Ceballo MAED, MS, RPm, RGC, LPT, Faculty, University of Mindanao, Philippines
  • Faith Ann Joy C. Absin Master of Arts in Education Major in Social Studies, University of Mindanao, Philippines Teacher 1- Sta. Cruz National High School, Philippines

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46827/ejsss.v7i4.1269

Cuvinte cheie:

children, incarcerated mothers, social studies, phenomenology, Davao del Sur, Philippines

Rezumat

This study focused on the lived experiences of children with incarcerated mothers, how they cope with their present situation, and the insights they can share with other children who are going through the same experiences they have. This study used the qualitative phenomenological method of research to explore in-depth the experiences, coping strategies, and personal insights which can be shared by the participants. The research study purposely identified seven individuals from ages 15-21, for the in-depth interview who are all residents of the Municipality of Sta. Cruz, Davao del Sur. The results show that the children-participants struggled so much in their daily endeavors as they felt the impact of living without their mother. They were forced to deal with worries, sadness, and even quitting from studies and going into vicious life. However, amidst everything they were able to cope and continue to live as they turned adversities to optimism, uphold mental health, and strengthened their faith in God. Faith in God, prevent prayers, optimism and resiliency were the coping strategies employed by the participants with some efforts to look for alternative sources of income to augment the family’s income and do better in their studies. The insights shared by participants are to remain positive always, to keep a strong faith in God, and always bear in mind that there is always light and hope after the pain and sorrow.

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter

Biografii autori

  • Emma C. Ceballo, MAED, MS, RPm, RGC, LPT, Faculty, University of Mindanao, Philippines

    Dr. Emma C. Ceballo is an Associate Professor 1 of the University of Mindanao Professional Schools. She also works full time in the Department of Education as Master Teacher II, stationed at Federico Yap-Senior High School in the Schools Division of Davao del Sur.

  • Faith Ann Joy C. Absin, Master of Arts in Education Major in Social Studies, University of Mindanao, Philippines Teacher 1- Sta. Cruz National High School, Philippines
    Faith Ann Joy Celestial Absin is a public secondary school teacher (Teacher I) of the Department of Education stationed at Sta. Cruz National High School (Davao del Sur, Philippines). She is a candidate of a degree for Master of Arts in Education (Teaching Social Studies).

Referințe

Anga, M. C., & Diaz, B. L. (2017). Perception, resilience and coping strategies of Filipinos amidst disasters. Retrieved from https://bulsu.edu.ph/research/university-research-office/research-publications/2/perception-resiliency-and-coping-strategies-of-filipinos-amidst-disasters

Anwar, H., Suhariadi, F., & Fajrianthi, F. (2017, August). Career wellbeing, the challenging role of working mothers. In 8th International Conference of Asian Association of Indigenous and Cultural Psychology (ICAAIP 2017) (pp. 82-86). Atlantis Press.

Baldwin, L. (2017). Motherhood disrupted: Reflections of post-prison mothers. Emotion, Space, and Society. Retrieved from https://www.nicco.org.uk/userfiles/downloads/5ac5cb4b3301e-motherhood-disrupted.pdf

Bater, L. R. & Jordan, S. S. (2017). Child routines and self-regulation serially mediate parenting practices and externalizing problems in preschool children. Child & Youth Care Forum, 46(2), 243-259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-016-9377-

Bellis, M. A., Hardcastle, K., & Ford, K. (2017). Does continuous trusted adult support in childhood impart life-course resilience against adverse childhood experiences - a retrospective study on adult health-harming behaviors and mental well-being. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1):110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1260-z.

Bhutta, Z. A. (2002). Ethics in international health research: a perspective from the developing world. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 80(2), 114-120.

Bloom, B. & Crabtree, B. (2006). Making sense of qualitative research: the qualitative research interview. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Retrieved April 10, 2018 from http://www.hu.liu.se/larc/utbildning-information/scientific-methodology/courseliterature-and-links/1.253566/qual20interview.pdf

Bornstein, M. H., Putnick, D. L., Lansford, J. E., Al‐Hassan, S. M., Bacchini, D., Bombi, A. S., ... & Alampay, L. P. (2017). ‘Mixed blessings’: parental religiousness, parenting, and child adjustment in global perspective. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(8), 880-892. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5513768/

Bradshaw, D., Creaven, A. M., & Muldoon, O. T. (2021). Parental incarceration affects children’s emotional and behavioral outcomes: a longitudinal cohort study of children aged 9 to 13 years. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 45(4), 310-316. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0165025421995918

Bricki, N. & Green, J. (2007). A Guide to using qualitative research methodology. http://hdl.handle.net/10144/84230.

Camitan IV, D. S., & Bajin, L. N. (2021). The importance of well-being on resiliency of Filipino adults during the covid-19 enhanced community quarantine: A necessary condition analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 908. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.558930/full

Carcary M. (2009). The research audit trail. Enhancing trustworthiness in qualitative inquiry. Electron J Bus Res Methods. 7:11–24. Retrieved from http://www.ejbrm.com

Castillo, F. D., & Alino, M. A. (2020). Religious Coping of Selected Filipino Catholic Youth. Religions, 11(9), 462.

City Government of Davao (2011). City Ordinance No. 5004 and Executive Order No. 24. The Women Development Code of Davao City and its Implementing Rules and Regulations. Retrieved from https://www.philippinecouncilorsleague.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Women-Code.pdf

Comfort, M., McKay, T., Landwehr, J., Kennedy, E., Lindquist, C., & Bir, A. (2016). The costs of incarceration for families of prisoners. International Review of the Red Cross, 98(903), 783-798. Retrieved from https://international-review.icrc.org/sites/default/files/irrc-903-5.pdf

Cramer, L., Goff, M., Peterson, B., & Sandstrom, H. (2017). Parent-child visiting practices in prisons and jails: A synthesis of research and practice. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.

Creswell, J. (2007). Research design: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among ve approaches (2 ed). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications

Dallaire, D. H., Zeman, J. & Thrash, T. (2015). Differential effects of type of children’s contact with their jailed mothers and children’s behavior problems. In J. Poehlmann-Tynan (Ed.), Children’s contact with incarcerated parents (pp. 23–28). Basel, Switzerland: Springer International.

Dan, A. (2016). Supporting and developing self-regulatory behaviors in early childhood in young children with high levels of impulsive behavior. Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER), 9(4), 189-200. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1116432.pdf

Davis, S. (2017). Trust-based prayer expectancies, attachment to God, and perceived stress. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1737&context=honors

DeHart, D., Shapiro, C. & Hardin, J. W. (2017). The impact of incarceration on families: A single-jurisdiction pilot study using triangulated administrative data & qualitative interviews. National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250657.pdf

Dworsky, A., Fedock, G., Schlecht, C., Malcome, M., Murray, C. & Hazel, C. (2020). Addressing the needs of incarcerated mothers and their children in Illinois. The University of Chicago. Retrieved from https://www.chapinhall.org/wp-content/uploads/PDF/Incarcerated-Mothers-FINAL-2020.pdf

Edara, I. R., del Castillo, F., Ching, G. S., & del Castillo, C. D. (2021). Religiosity and contentment among teachers in the Philippines during covid-19 pandemic: Mediating effects of resilience, optimism, and well-being. Religions, 12(10), 879.

Garcia, J. (2016). Understanding the lives of mothers after incarceration: Moving beyond socially constructed definitions of motherhood. Sociology Compass. Retrieved from https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/48696/PDF/1/play/

Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research, 8(4), https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1870&context=tqr

Greenfelder, T., Haynie, D. L., Kreager, D. A., Wakefield, S., Nur, S., & Dillavou, J. (2021). Understanding incarceration and re-entry experiences of female inmates and their children: The women’s prison inmate networks study. National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Retrieved from https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/303978.pdf

Gunawan, J. (2015). Ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research. Belitung Nursing Journal. 2015;1(1):10-11. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.4

Hashim, I. H. M., Azmawati, A. A., & Endut, N. (2015). Stress, roles and responsibilities of single mothers in Malaysia. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 18, p. 03003). EDP Sciences. Retrieved from https://www.shs-conferences.org/articles/shsconf/pdf/2015/05/shsconf_icolass2014_03003.pdf

Hechanova M. R., Waelde L., Docena P., Alampay L., Alianan A., Flores M. J., Ramos P.A. & Melgar M.I. (2015). The Development and Initial Evaluation of Katatagan: A Resilience Intervention for Filipino Disaster Survivors. Philippine Journal of Psychology, 48(2), 105-131

Jocson, R. (2016). Resilience in the Context of Poverty: The Experiences of Low-income Urban Filipino Parents. Ateneo De Manila University. Retrieved from https://www.sylff.org/news_voices/18159/

Kamptner, N. L., Teyber, F. H., Rockwood, N. J. & Drzewiecki, D. (2017). Evaluating the efficacy of an attachment-informed psychotherapeutic program for incarcerated parents. Journal of Prison Education and Reentry. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/215482857.pdf

Kaniamattam, M., & Oxley, J. (2021). Unpacking the varied roles of mothers of children with developmental disabilities in South India. Disability & Society, 37(1), 38-62. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09687599.2021.1918540

Koksalan, B., Yayan, E. H., Ulutas, A., & Emre, O. (2017). Opinions of preschool children about self-care. European Journal of Education Studies. Retrieved from https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejes/article/view/651

Kvale, S. & Brinkmann, S. (2009). Interviews (2nd Edition): Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

LeCompte, M. D. (2000). Analyzing qualitative data. Theory Into Practice, 39(3), 146–154.

Lopez-Cid, Z. & Menjivar, M. (2014). Mental health and social outcomes of children with an incarcerated parent. California State University. Retrieved from https://csus-dspace.calstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10211.3/122017/ThesisFINALOGS.pdf?sequence=2

Mack, N., Woodsong, C., MacQueen, K. M., Guest, G., & Namey, E. (2005). Qualitative research methods: A data collector’s field guide. NC: Family Health International. 120p.ISBN:0939704986.

Maree, K. & Van der Westhuizen, C. (2007). Planning a research proposal. In First steps in research, ed. K Maree, 23-45. Pretoria: Van Schaik.

Martin, E. (2017). Hidden consequences: The impact of incarceration on dependent children. National Institute of Justice. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/250349.pdf

Masten, A. S. (2015). Pathways to integrated resilience science. Psychological Inquiry, 26(2), 187–196.

Moore, K., Gomez-Garibello, C., Bosacki, S., & Talwar, V. (2016). Children’s spiritual lives: The development of a children’s spirituality measure. Religions, 7(8), 95. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/7/8/95

Morgan, A. A., Arditti, J. A., Dennison, S., & Frederiksen, S. (2021). Against the odds: A structural equation analysis of family resilience processes during paternal incarceration. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11592. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11592

Okorn, A., Verhoeven, M., & Van Baar, A. (2021). The importance of mothers’ and fathers’ positive parenting for toddlers’ and preschoolers’ social-emotional adjustment. Parenting, 1-24. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15295192.2021.1908090

Paynter, M. J. & Snelgrove-Clarke, E. (2019). Breastfeeding in public for incarcerated women: The baby-friendly steps. International Breastfeeding Journal. Retrieved from https://internationalbreastfeedingjournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13006-019-0211-3.pdf

Pereira, A. I., Stallard, P., Roberto, M. S., Sousa, M., & Barros, L. (2021). Parenting and child mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online study with Portuguese and British Families. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, 8(3), 35-42. Retrieved from https://www.revistapcna.com/sites/default/files/2109_0.pdf

Porter, B. (2018). Incarcerated parenting: How family relationships can be beneficial. Liberal Arts Capstones. 2. https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/lbacapstone/2

Pugh, K. (2019). Religious attendance, surrender to God, and suicide risk: Mediating pathways of feeling forgiven by God and psychopathology. Retrieved from https://umtclasp.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Religious-Attendance-Surrender-to-God-and-Suicide-Risk_-Mediati.pdf

Quejada, A. C. C. (2017). Beliefs, values and experiences of Filipino Christian parents in Norway (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/16757/1/master_andrea_celine_quejada.pdf

Rillo, R. M., & Buslon, J. B. (2019). The pragmatics of irony in humor: Emerging drifts in Philippine witticisms. Online Submission, 31(3), 493-497. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED600793.pdf

Rivera, R. L. K. (2021). Beyond access: Gender and transport justice in Davao City, Philippines (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://repub.eur.nl/pub/137053/rivera-rlk-beyond-access.pdf

Rosanbalm, K. D., & Murray, D. W. (2017). Promoting self-regulation in the first five years: A practice brief. OPRE Brief 2017-79. Administration for Children & Families. Retrieved from https://fpg.unc.edu/sites/fpg.unc.edu/files/resources/reports-and-policy-briefs/PromotingSelf-RegulationIntheFirstFiveYears.pdf

Shank, G. D. (2006). Qualitative research: A personal skills approach (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.

Speziale, H. J. S., & Carpenter, D. R. (2007). Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/Qualitative-Research-Nursing-Humanistic-Imperative/dp/0781796008

Stone, U., Liddell, M. & Martinovic, M. (2015). Jumping hurdles: The myriad of issues and barriers for incarcerated mothers to regain custody of children. Justice Policy Journal. Retrieved from https://bettercarenetwork.org/sites/default/files/Jumping%20Hurdles%20-%20The%20Myriad%20of%20Issues%20and%20Barriers%20for%20Incarcerated%20Mothers%20to%20Regain%20Custody%20of%20Children.pdf

Safranoff, A. & Tiravassi, A. (2018). Incarcerated women in Latin America: Characteristics and risk factors associated with criminal behavior. Inter-American Development Bank. Retrieved from https://publications.iadb.org/publications/english/document/Incarcerated-Women-in-Latin-America-Characteristics-and-Risk-Factors-Associated-with-Criminal-Behavior.pdf

Tordecilla, K. (2016). Davao City ordinances that may be implemented nationwide under a Duterte presidency. CNN Philippines. Retrieved from https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/17/davao-city-ordinances.html

Turney, K. & Goodsell, R. (2018). Parental incarceration and children’s well-being. The Future of Children. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1179185.pdf

Vagle M. (2018). Crafting phenomenological research. London and New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.

Wakefield, S. & Wildeman, C. (2018). How parental incarceration harms children and what to do about it. National Council on Family Relations. Retrieved from https://www.ncfr.org/sites/default/files/2018-01/How%20Parental%20Incarceration%20Harms%20Children%20NCFR%20Policy_Full%20Brief_Jan.%202018_0.pdf

Yazon, A. D., Ang-Manaig, K., & Tesoro, J. F. B. (2018). Coping mechanism and academic performance among Filipino undergraduate students. KnE Social Sciences, 30-42. Retrieved from https://knepublishing.com/index.php/KnE-Social/article/view/2372/5224

Yoleri, S. (2020). Factors affecting level of children resilience and teachers’ opinions about resilience. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 7(3), 361-378. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1272684.pdf

Zhang, Y. & Wildemuth, B. (2007). Qualitative analysis of content. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/omermirza/content-analysis-29704682

Descărcări

Publicat

2022-05-18

Număr

Secțiune

Articles