PROMOTING ACTIVE ENGAGEMENT FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS: A TPE MODEL

Authors

  • Chee Keong Chua M.Ed. (Special Education) Educational Therapist

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46827/ejse.v0i0.1111

Keywords:

engagement, children, special needs, classroom management

Abstract

Engagement is crucial for all students in any learning. Attention wanes when children are disengaged and learning will decrease. Children with special needs will find it difficult to engage with teachers and activities due to factors such as inattention, slow processing speed, boredom, and others. Hence, the author of this paper proposed a TPE model which consists of three components (1) Task (T), (2) People (P), and (3) Environment (E). These components have a direct impact on students’ engagement in their learning. Additionally, suggested checklists on how these components can be used as guidelines to help teachers plan their lessons were also included. It is hoped that this model serve to promote active engagement in children with special needs in their learning so as to enhance motivation, attention, and participation. 

 

Article visualizations:

Hit counter

DOI

References

Benassi V. A., Overson C. E., Hakala C. M. (2014). Applying science of learning in education: infusing psychological science into the curriculum. Retrieved from the Society for the Teaching of Psychology website: http://teachpsych.org/ebooks/asle2014/index.php.

Brewster, C., & J. Fager. (2000). Increasing student engagement and motivation: From time on task to homework. Portland, OR: Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Retrieved online: www.nwrel.org/request/oct00/textonly.html.

Brophy, J. E., & Good, T. L. (1986). Teacher behavior and student achievement. In M. C.

Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (3rd ed., pp. 376-391). NY: Macmillan.

Brown P. C., Roediger H.L., McDaniel M.A. (2014). Make it stick: the science of successful learning. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.

Finn, J. D., & Rock, D.A. (1997). Academic success among students at risk for school failure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82 (2), 221–34.

Fredricks, J. A. (2014). Eight myths of student disengagement: creating classrooms of

deep learning. LA: Corwin.

Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59-109.

Hwang, B., & Hughes, C. (2000). Increasing early social-communicative skills of preverbal preschool children with autism through social interactive training. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 25(1), 18-28.

Kaiser, A. P., Ostrosky, M. M., & Alpert, C. L. (1993). Training teachers to use environmental arrangement and milieu teaching with non-vocal preschool children. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 18(3), 188-199.

Lee, J. (2000). Tasks and communicating in language classrooms. NY: McGraw-Hill.

Marks, H.M. (2000). Student engagement in instructional activity: Patterns in the elementary, middle and high school years. American Educational Research Journal, 37(1), 153–84.

Marzano, R. J. & Marzano, J. S. (2003). The key to classroom management. Educational Leadership, 61(1), 6-13.

National Association for the Education of Young Children. Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP). Retrieved from September 20, 2017, http://www.naeyc.org/DAP.

Ostrosky, M. M., & Kaiser, A. P. (1991). Preschool classroom environments that promote communication. Teaching Exceptional Children, 23(4), 6.

Roderick, M., & Engle, M. (2001). The grasshopper and the ant: Motivational responses of low-achieving students to high-stakes testing. Educational Evaluation Policy Analysis 23(3), 197–227.

Schlechty, P. (2001). Shaking up the school house: How to support and sustain educational innovation: San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Snow, R. E., & Lohman, D. F. (1984). Toward a theory of cognitive aptitude for learning from instruction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(3), 347-376.

Stewart, S. C., Evans, W.H. & Kaczynski, D.J. (1997). Setting the stage for success:

Assessing the instructional environment. Preventing School Failure, 41, 53-56.

Wang, M. C., Haertel, G. D., & Walberg, H. J. (1993). Toward a knowledge base for school learning. Review of Educational Research, 63(3), 249–294.

Willingham, W.W., Pollack, J.M., & Lewis, C. (2002). Grades and test scores: Accounting for observed differences. Journal of Educational Measurement, 39(1), 1–37.

Published

2017-10-17

Issue

Section

Articles