GLI ESORDI LETTERARI DI DANIEL DEFOE TRA PROGETTUALITÀ E INVENTIVA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46827/ejlll.v8i3.581Keywords:
Daniel Defoe, An Essay upon Projects, The Review, progettualità, inventiva / Daniel Defoe, projectuality, inventivenessAbstract
Daniel Defoe rappresenta una figura chiave in rapporto al sorgere del romanzo moderno in lingua inglese (il cosiddetto novel), al cui sviluppo ha contribuito con le prime narrazioni di stampo realistico. Autore di una vastissima e multiforme quantità di lavori a stampa, Defoe approda alla scrittura narrativa all’età di quasi sessant’anni: nel 1719 pubblica The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, a cui fanno seguito altri memorabili romanzi che gli assicureranno una fama immortale. Va comunque evidenziato che, nell’arco della sua vita, la reputazione di Defoe è stata quella di uno scrittore estremamente prolifico e capace di spaziare negli ambiti più diversi: dalla poesia satirica alla pubblicistica politica, dalla prosa saggistica al giornalismo. L’intento del presente articolo è quello di esplorare gli esordi ‘letterari’ di Daniel Defoe, focalizzando l’attenzione su due realizzazioni tra le più notevoli: An Essay upon Projects, pubblicato nel 1697 e la fondazione del periodico The Review (1704), un’impresa pionieristica nel campo del giornalismo. Entrambe le opere manifestano una straordinaria portata innovativa, specialmente in rapporto alle caratteristiche di progettualità e inventiva che le contraddistinguono. A tale riguardo – come si argomenterà nelle pagine seguenti – si può affermare che le opere in esame abbiano rappresentato una tappa fondamentale verso la nascita del novel.
Daniel Defoe stands as a seminal figure in the development of the English novel, thanks to his contribution to the emergence of realistic fiction. Author of an extraordinary range and number of works, Defoe turned to writing narrative fiction when he was nearly sixty: in 1719, he published The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, the first of a remarkable series of novels, which would have given him immortal fame. It is, however, important to underline that, during his lifetime, Defoe’s reputation was predominantly that of a prolific writer of satirical poems, political pamphlets, essays, and journalistic prose. The purpose of this article is to explore the beginnings of Defoe’s writing career by considering two of his greatest achievements: An Essay upon Projects, published in 1697 and the foundation of The Review (1704), a pioneering realization in the field of journalism. Both these works show innovative characteristics, especially with regard to projectuality and inventiveness. From this standpoint, it may be argued that the two works under consideration represented a fundamental step towards the creation of the novelistic form.
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